Health-Med Archives - Page 49 of 50 - Yokohama City University

2018-03-07

Transcription Factor IRF8 Governs Enhancer 1 Landscape Dynamics in Mononuclear Phagocyte Progenitors

Monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), mononuclear phagocytes essential for immune responses, develop from hematopoietic stem cells via monocyte–DC progenitors (MDPs). The molecular basis of their development remains unclear. Because promoter-distal enhancers are key to cell-fate decisions, we analyzed enhancer landscapes during mononuclear phagocyte development in vivo. Monocyte- and DC-specific enhancers were gradually established at progenitor stages before the expression of associated genes.

2018-02-12

Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor-associated Protein Inhibits Angiotensin II-induced Insulin Resistance with Suppression of Oxidative Stress in Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Enhancement of AT1 receptor-associated protein (ATRAP) in adipose tissue improves high fat diet (HFD)-induced visceral obesity and insulin resistance, and suppresses adipose oxidative stress. However, HFD loading is not a direct stimulatory factor for AT1 receptor. In the present study, we investigated the effect of chronic, low-dose angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice and functional role of ATRAP.

2018-02-08

Human iPSC Derived Posterior Gut Progenitors Are Expandable and Capable of Forming Gut and Liver Organoids

Early endoderm progenitors naturally possess robust propagating potential to develop majority of meter-long gastrointestinal tracts and are therefore considered as a promising source for therapy. Here, we demonstrated the reproducible generation of human CDX2+ posterior gut endoderm cells (PGECs) from five induced pluripotent stem cell clones by manipulating FGF, TGF and Wnt signaling.

2018-01-26

Biallelic Variants in CNPY3, Encoding an Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone, Cause Early-Onset Epileptic Encephalopathy

Early-onset epileptic encephalopathies, includingWest syndrome (WS), are a group of neurological disorders characterized by developmental impairments and intractable seizures from early infancy. We have now identified biallelic CNPY3 variants in three individuals with WS; these include compound-heterozygous missense and frameshift variants in a family with two affected siblings (individuals 1 and 2) and a homozygous splicing variant in a consanguineous family (individual 3).