Background
Although primary care (PC) is an indispensable part of the health system, measuring its quality is challenging. A recent measure of PC, Person-Centered Primary Care Measure (PCPCM), covers 11 important domains of PC and has been translated into 28 languages. This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the PCPCM and assess its reliability and validity.

Methods
We employed a cross-sectional mail survey to examine the reliability and content, structure, criterion-related, and convergent validity of the Japanese version of the PCPCM. This study targeted 1000 potential participants aged 20–74 years, selected by simple random sampling in an urban area in Japan. We examined internal consistency, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation between the Japanese version of the Primary Care Assessment Tool-Short Form (JPCAT-SF), and the association between the PCPCM score and influenza vaccine uptake.

Results
A total of 417 individuals responded to the survey (response rate = 41.7%), and we used the data of 244 participants who had the usual source of care to assess the reliability and validity of the PCPCM. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated sufficient structural validity of the original one-factor structure. The overall Cronbach’s alpha was 0.94. The Spearman correlation coefficient between PCPCM and JPCAT-SF was 0.60. Influenza vaccine uptake was not significantly associated with total PCPCM score.