References 1. Kretsinger RH (1972) "Gene triplication deduced from the tertiary structure of a muscle calcium binding protein." Nature New Biology 240:85 2. Pearson WR (1990) "Rapid and sensitive sequence comparison with FASTP and FASTA" Pp.63 in Methods in Enzymology ed. Doolittle RF, Academic Press, San Diego New York Berkley Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto. 736 pp. 3. Gilles J-M, Thomason DB, LeFevre J, Kretsinger RH (l982) "Parvalbumin and Muscle Relaxation: A Computer Simulation Study." J Muscle Res Cell Motil 3:377 4. Einspahr H, Bugg, CE (1984) Crystal Structure Studies of Calcium Complexes and Implications for Biological Systems Metal Ions Biol Systems 17:52-97 5. Yap KL, Ames JB, Swindells MB, Ikura M (1999) "Diversity of Conformational States and Changes within the EF-hand Protein Superfamily" Proteins 37:1-9 6. Rhoads A, Friedberg F (1997) Sequence motifs for calmodulin recognition. FASEB J 11:331 7. Finn BE, Fors_n S (1995) The evolving model of calmodulin structure, function and activation. Structure 3:7 8.Vassylev DG, Takeda S, Wakatsuki S, Maeda K, Maeda Y (1998) Crystal structure of troponin C in complex with troponin I fragment at 2.3 _ resolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci 95:4847 9. Fromherz S, Szent-Gyorgyi AG, (1995) "Role of Essential Light Chain EF hand Domains in Calcium Binding and Regulation of Scallop Myosin" Proc Natl Acad Sci 92:7652-7656 10. Houdusse A, Cohen C (1996) Structure of the regulatory domain of scallop myosin at 2 _ resolution: Implications for regulation. Structure 4:21 11. Garone L, Theibert JL, Miegel A, Maeda Y, Murphy C, Collins JH (1991) Lobster Troponin C: Amino Acid Sequences of Three Isoforms Arch Biochem Biophys 291:89 12. Ling V, Zielinski RE (1993) Isolation of an Arabidopsis cDNA sequence encoding a 22 kDa calcium-binding protein (CaBP-22) related to calmodulin. Plant Mol Biol 22:207 13. Bearer EL, DeGiorgis JA, Jaffer H, Medeiros NA, Reese TS (1996) An Axoplasmic Myosin with a Calmodulin-like Light Chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci 93:6064 14. Biggins S, Ros MD (1994) Direct interaction between yeast spindle pole body components: Kar1p is required for Cdc31p localization to the spindle pole body. J Cell Biol 125:843 15. Salvato M, Sulston J, Albertson D, Brenner S. (1986) A novel calmodulin-like gene from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. J Mol Biol 190:281-289. 16. Gellatly KS, Lefebvre DD (1993) Identification of a cDNA clone coding for a novel calcium-binding protein from potato tuber. Plant Physiol 101:1405 17. Kissinger CR, Parge HE, Knighton DR, Lewis CT, Pelletier LA, Tempczyk A, Kalish VJ, Tucker KD, Showalter RE, Moomaw EW, Gastinel LN, Hakuba N, Chen X, Maldonado F, Barker JE, Bacquet R, Villafranca JE (1995) Crystal structure of human calcineurin and the human FKBP12-FK506-calcineurin complex. Nature 378:641 18. Griffith JP, Kim JL, Kim EE, Sintchak MD, Thomson JA, Fitzgibbon MJ, Fleming MA, Caron PR, Hsiao K, Navia MA (1995) X-ray structure of calcineurin inhibited by the immunophilin-immunosuppressant FKBP12-FK506 complex. Cell 82:507 19. Barroso MB, Bernd KK, DeWitt ND, Chang A, Mills K, Stzul ES (1996) A novel Ca2+- binding protein, p22, is required for constitutive membrane traffic. J Biol Chem 271:10183 20. Lin X, Barber DL (1996) A calcineurin homologous protein inhibits GTPase-stimulated Na-H exchange. Proc Natl Acad Sci 93: 12631-12636 21. Flaherty KM, Zozulys S, Stryer L, McKay DB (1993) Three dimensional structure of recoverin, a calcium sensor in vision. Cell 75:709 22. Ames JB, Porumb T, Tanaka T, Ikura M, Stryer L (1995) Amino-terminal myristoylation induces cooperative calcium binding to recoverin. J Biol Chem 270:4526 23. Baxbaum JD, Choi E-K, Luo Y, Lilliehook C, Crowley AC, Merriam OE, Wasco W (1998) "Calsenilin: A Calcium-Binding Protein that Interacts with the Presenilins and Regulates the Levels of a Presenilin Stragment." Nature Medicine 4:1177 24. Carri_n AM, LinkWA, Ledo F, Mellstrom B, Naranjo JR (1999) DREAM is a Ca2+- regulated transcriptional repressor. Nature 398:80 25. Patil S, Takezawa D, Poovaiah BW (1995) "Chimeric Plant Calcium/Calmodulin- Dependent Protein Kinase Gene with a Neural Visinin-Like Calcium-Binding Domain." Proc Natl Acad Sci 92:4897 26. Liu J, Zhu J-K (1998) "A Calcium Sensor Homolog Required for Plant Salt Tolerance." Science 280:1943 27. Chen JJ, Reid CE, Band V, Androphy EJ (1995) "Interaction of Papilomavirus E6 Oncoproteins with a Putative Calcium-Binding Protein." Science 269:529 28. Tachikui H, Navet AF, Ozawa M (1997) Identification of the Ca2+-binding domains in reticulocalbin, an endoplasmic reticulum resident Car2+-binding protein with multiple EF-hand motifs. J. Biochem (Tokyo) 121:145 29. Ohta T, Kobyashi M, Hirose S (1995) "Cloning of a cDNA for DNA Supercoiling Factor Reveals a Distinctive Ca2+-Binding Protein." J Biol Chem 270:15571 30. Hohenester E, Mauer P, Hohenadl D, Timpl R, Jansonius JN, Engel J. (1996) Structure of a novel extracellular Ca2+-binding module in BM-40. Nature Struct Biol 3:67 31. Lokuta AJ, Meyers MB, Sander PR, Fishman GI, Valdivia HH. (1997) Modulation of cardiac ryanodine receptors by sorcin. J Biol Chem 272:25333 32. Brownawell AM, Creutz CE. (1997) Calcium-dependent binding of sorcin to the N- terminal domain of synexin (annexin VII). J Biol Chem 272:22182 33. Rustandi RR, Drohat AC, Weber DJ (1998) The Ca2+-dependent interaction of S100B(__) with a peptide derived from p53. Biochemistry 37:1951 34.Rety S, Sopkova J, Renouard M, Oserloh D, gerke V, Tabaries S, Russo-Marie F, Bentley A (1999) Nature Struct Biol 6:89-95 35. Heizmann CW, Cox JA (1996) "New Perspectives on S100 proteins: a multi-functional Ca2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+-binding Protein Family" BioMetals 11:383-397 36. Wooding FBP, Morgan G, Jones GV, Care AD (1996) Calcium transport and the localisation of calbindin D9k in the ruminant placenta during the second half of pregnancy. Cell Tissue Res. 285: 477-489 37. Lee S-C, Kim I-G, Marekov LN, O'Keefe EJ, Parry DAD, Steinert PM. (1993) The structure of human trichohyalin. Potential multiple roles as a functional EF-hand-like calcium- binding protein, a cornified cell envelope precursor, and an intermediate filament-associated (cross-linking) protein. J Biol Chem 268:12164 38. Markova NG, Marekov LN, Chipev CC, Gan S-Q, Idler WW, Steinert PM (1993) Profilaggrin is a major epidermal calcium-binding protein. Mol Cell Biol 13:613 39. Yamada K, Sakane F, Matsushima N, Kanoh H. (1997) EF-hand motifs of _, _ and _ isoforms of diacylglycerol kinase bind calcium with different affinities and conformational changes. Biochem J 321:59 40. Miura K, Titani K, Kurosawa Y, Kanai Y (1992) "Molecular cloning of Nucleobindin, a Novel DNA-binding Protein that contains both a Signal Peptide and a Leucine Zipper Structure." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 187:375 41. Den Z, Pelias MZ, Ditta GM, Keats BJ, Deininger PL, Batzer MA (1998) "Assembly of a high-resolution map of the Acadian Usher syndrome region and localization of the nuclear EF-hand acidic gene." Biochim Biophys Acta 1407:84 42. Deka N, Wong E, Matera AG, Kraft R, Leinwand LA, Schmid CW (1988) Repetitive nucleotide sequence insertions into a novel calmodulin-related gene and its processed pseudogene. Gene 71:123 43. Taylor KA, Taylor DW (1993) Projection image of smooth muscle alpha_-actinin from 2-D crystals formed on positively charged lipid layers. J Mol Biol 230:196 44. Lundberg S, Buevich AV, Sethson I, Edlund U, Backman L (1997) Calcium-binding mechanism of human nonerythroid _-spectrin EF-structures. Biochemistry 23:7199 45. Lundberg S, Buevich AV, Sethson I, Edlund U, Backman L (1997) "Calcium -binding Mechanism of human nonerythroid _-spectrin EF-structures" Biochemistry 23:7199-7208 46. Brown LJ, MacDonald MJ, Lehn DA, Moran SM (1994) Sequence of rat mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase cDNA. Evidence of EF-hand calcium-binding domains. J Biol Chem 269:14363 47. Autieri MV (1996) "cDNA Cloning of Human Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1: Tissue Distribution, Cytokime Induction, and mRNA Expression in Injured Rat Carotid Arteries." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 228:29 48. Hohenester E, Mauer P, Hohenadl D, Timpl R, Jansonius JN, Engel J (1996) "Structure of a Novel Extracellular Ca2+-binindg Module in BM-40" Nature Struct. Biol. 3:67-73 49. Guermah M, Crisanti P, Laugier D, Dezelle P, Bidou L, Pessac B, Calothy G (1991) "Transcription of a Quail Gene Expressed in Embryonic Retinal Cells to Shut off Sharply at Hatching." Proc Natl Acad Sci 88:4503 50. Tawe W, Lustigman (1999) MS in preparation 51. Xiang M, Ge T, Tomlinson CR, Klein WH (1991) Structure and promoter activity of the LpS1 genes of Lytechinus pictus. J Biol Chem 266:10524 52. Linse S, Thulin E, Gifford LK, Radzewsky D, Hagan J, Wilk RR, _kerfeldt KS. (1997) Domain organization of calbindin D28K as determined from the association of six synthetic EF- hand fragments. Prot Sci 6:2385 53.Fazioli F, Minichiello L, Matoskova B, Wong WT, Di Fiore PP (1993) "eps15, a Novel Tyrosine Kinase Substrate, Exhibits Transforming Activity" Molec Cell Biol 13:5814 54. Takemasa T, Takagi T, Kobayashi T, Konishi K, Watanabe Y (1990) The third calmodulin family protein in Tetrahymena. Cloning of the cDNA for Tetrahymena calcium-binding protein of 23 kDa (TCBP-23). J Biol Chem 265:2514 55. Miwa N, Kobayashi M, Takamaztsu K, Kawamura S (1998) "Purification and Molecular Cloning of a Novel Calcium-Binding Protein, p26 olf, in the Frog Olfactory Epithelium." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 25:860 56. Grobler JA, Hurley JH (1998) Catalysis by phospholipase C _1 requires that Ca2+ bind to the catalytic domain, but not the C2 domain. Biochemistry 37:5020 57. Essen L-O, Perisic O, Cheung R, Katan M, Williams RL (1996) Crystal structure of a mammalian phosphoinositide specific phospholipase C_. Nature 380:595 58. Andr_ B, Noegel AA, Schleicher M (1996) "Dictyostelium discoideum Contains a Family of Calmodulin-Related EF-N and Proteins that are Developmentally Regulated." FEBS Lett 382:198 59. Templeton TJ, Fujioka H, Aikawa M, Parker KC (1997) Plasmodium falciparum Pfs40, renamed Pf39, is localized to an intracellular membrane-bound compartment and is not sexual stage-specific. Mol Biochem Parasitol 90:359 60. La Greca N, Hibbs AR, Riffkin C, Roley M, Tilley L (1997) "Identification of an Endoplasmic Reticulum -resident Calcium-binding Protein with Multiple EF-hand Motifs in Asexual Stages of Plasmodium falciparum" Mol Biochem Parasitol 89:283-293 61. Saijo Y, Hata S, Sheen J, Izui K (1997) cDNA cloning and prokaryotic expression of maize calcium-dependent protein kinases. Biochim Biophys Acta 1350:109 62. Zhao Y, Kappes B, Franklin RM (1993) Gene structure and expression of an unusual protein kinase from Plasmodium falciparum homologous at its carboxyl terminus with the EF Hand calcium-binding proteins. J Biol Chem 268:4347 63. Hardin PE, Angerer LM, Hardin SH, Angerer RC, Klein WH (1988) Spec2 genes of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Structure and differential expression in embryonic aboral ectoderm cells. J Mol Biol 202:417 64. Sauter A, Staudenmann W, Hughes GJ, Heizmann, CW (1995) A novel EF-hand Ca2+- binding protein from abdominal muscle of crustaceans with similarity to calcyphosine from dog thyrodea. Eur J Biochem 227:97 65.Engman DM, Krause K-H, Blumin JH, Kim KS, Kirchhoff LV, Donelson, JE (1989) A novel flagellar Ca2+-binding protein of trypanosomes. J Biol Chem 264:18627 66. Lee MG-S, Chen J, Ho AWM, D'Alesandro PA, Van der Ploeg LHT (1990) A putative flagellar Ca2+-binding protein of trypanosomatid protozoan parasites. Nucleic Acids Res 18:4252 67. Wu Y, Haghighat NG, Ruben L (1992) The predominant calcimedins from Trypanosoma brucei comprise a family of flagellar EF-hand calcium-binding proteins. Biochem J 287:187 68. Cook WJ, Ealik SE, Babu YS, Cox JA, Vijay Kumar S (1991) Three-dimensional structure of a sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein from Nereis divesicolor. J Biol Chem 266:652 69. Cook WJ, Jeffrey LC, Cox JA, Vijay Kumar S (1993) Structure of a sarcoplasmic calcium- binding protein from amphioxus refined at 2.4 _ resolution. J Mol Biol 229:461 70. Prasher DC, McCann RO, Longiaru M, Cormier MJ (1987) Sequence comparisons of complementary DNAs encoding aequorin isotypes. Biochemistry 26:1326 71. Kumar S, Harrylock M, Walsh KA, Cormier MJ, Charbonneau H (1990) Amino acid sequence of the Ca2+-triggered luciferin binding protein of Renilla reniformis. FEBS Lett 268:287 72. Steele FR, Washburn T, Rieger R, O'Tousa JE (1992) Drosophila retinal degeneration C (rdgC) encodes a novel serine/threonine protein phosphatase. Cell 69:669 73. Jakobek JL, Smith-Becker JA, Lindgren PB (1999) "A bean cDNA Expressed during a Hypersensitive Reaction Encodes a Putative Calcium-Binding Protein" Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 12:712-719 74. Ajioka J, Swindle J (1993) The calmodulin-ubiquitin associated genes of Trypanosoma cruzi: their identification and transcription. Mol Biochem Parasitol 57:127 75. Wong S, Morales TH, Neigel JE, Campbell DA (1993) Genomic and transcriptional control linkage of the genes for calmodulin, EF-hand 5 protein, and ubiquitin extension protein 52 in Trypanosoma brucei. Mol Cell Biol 13:207 76. Cox JA, Alard P, Schaad O (1990) Comparative molecular modeling of Amphioxus calcium vector protein with calmodulin and troponin C. Prot Engineering 4:23 77. Bartling D, B_lter H, Weiler EW (1993) Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA encoding a novel member of the EF-Hand superfamily of calcium-binding proteins. Plant Physiol 102:1059 78. Laroche A, Lemieux G, Pallotta D (1989) "The Nucleotide Sequence of a Developmentally Regulated cDNA from Physarum polysephalum" Nucleic Acids Res. 17:10502-10502 79. Swan DG, Cortes J, Hale RS, Leadlay PF (1989) Cloning, characterization, and heterologous expression of the Saccharopolyspora eythraea (Streptomyces erythraeus) gene encoding an EF-Hand calcium-binding protein. J Bacteriol 171:5614 80. Afonso CL, Tulman ER, Lu Z, Oma E, Katish GF, Rock DL (1999) "The Genome of Melanoplus sanguinipes Entomopoxvirus." J Virol 73:533 81. de Arruda MV, Watson S, Lin C-S, Leavitt J, Matsudaira P (1990) Fimbrin is a homologue of the cytoplasmic phosphoprotein plastin and has domains homologous with calmodulin and actin gelatin proteins. J Cell Biol 111:1069 82. Lin CS, Shen W, Chen ZP, Tu YH, Matsudaira P (1994) Identification of I-plastin, a human fimbrin isoform expressed in intestine and kidney. Mol Cell Biol 14:2457 83. Ebinu JO, Bottorff DA, Chan EYW, Stang SL, Dunn RJ, Stone JC (1998) "RasGRP, a Gas Guanyl Nucleotide-Releasing Protein with Calcium- and Diacylglycerol-Binding Motifs." Science 280:1082 84. Mochizui T, et al (1996) PKD2, a Gene for Polycystic Kidney Disease That Encodes an Integral Membrane Protein." Science 272:1339 85. Xiong H, Feng X, Gao L, Xu L, Pasek DA, Seok JH, Meissner G (1998) "Identification of a two EF-Hand Ca2+ Binding Domain in Lobster Skeletal Muscle Ryamodine Preceptor/G22+ Release Chemical." Biochemistry 37:4804 86. Meng W, Sawasdikosol S, Burakoff S, Eck MJ (1999) Structure of the Amino-terminal Domain of Cbl Complexed to its Binding Site on ZAP-70 Kinase" Nature 398:84-90 87. Naik UP, Patel PM, Parise LV (1997) "Identification of a Novel Calcium-binding Protein That Interacts with the Integrin 2IIb Cytoplasmic Domain." J Biol Chem 272:4651 88. Briggs KK, Silvers AJ, Johansen KM, Johansen J (1995) "Calsenilin: A Novel Calcium- binding Protein Expressed in a subset of Peripheral Leech Neurons Fasciculating in a single axon tract." J Cell Biol 129:1355 89. Strumpf D, Volk T (1998) "Kakapo, a Novel Cytoskeletal-associated Protein Is Essential for the Restricted Localization of the Neuregulin-like Factor, Vein, at the Muscle-tendon Junction Site" J Cell Biol 143:1259-1270