Reviews

  1. Azuma, M., C. Fukiage, L. L. David, and T. R. Shearer. 1997. Activation of calpain in lens: a review and proposed mechanism. Exp. Eye Res. 64:529-538.
  2. Bachs, O., N. Agell, and E. Carafoli. 1994. Calmodulin and calmodulin-binding proteins in the nucleus. Cell Calcium. 16:289-296.
  3. Barrett, A. W. and C. Scully. 1994. S100 protein in oral biology and pathology. J. Oral. Pathol. Med. 23:433-440.
  4. Berthelot, J. M., Y. Maugars, A. Prost, and P. Youinou. 1995. Rheumatoid arthritis and filaggrin. A review. Rev. Rhum. Engl. Ed. 62:127-138.
  5. Carafoli, E. and M. Molinari. 1998. Calpain: a protease in search of a function? [published erratum appears in Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998 Aug 19;249(2):572]. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 247:193-203.
  6. Coudrey, L. 1998. The troponins. Arch. Intern. Med. 158:1173-1180.
  7. Crivici, A. and M. Ikura. 1995. Molecular and structural basis of target recognition by calmodulin. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 24:85-116.
  8. Dear, N., K. Matena, M. Vingron, and T. Boehm. 1997. A new subfamily of vertebrate calpains lacking a calmodulin-like domain: implications for calpain regulation and evolution. Genomics. 45:175-184.
  9. Emori, Y. 1997. [Calpain: an approach using Drosophila melanogaster]. Tanpakushitsu. Kakusan. Koso. 42:2175-2180.
  10. Fano, G., S. Biocca, S. Fulle, M. A. Mariggio, S. Belia, and P. Calissano. 1995. The S-100: a protein family in search of a function. Prog. Neurobiol. 46:71-82.
  11. Filipek, A., U. Wojda, W. Lesniak, and J. Kuznicki. 1996. [Calcyclin--calcium binding protein of the S-100 protein]. Postepy. Biochem. 42:213-217.
  12. Finn, B. E. and S. Forsen. 1995. The evolving model of calmodulin structure, function and activation. Structure. 3:7-11.
  13. Gnegy, M. E. 1995. Calmodulin: effects of cell stimuli and drugs on cellular activation. Prog. Drug. Res. 45:33-65.
  14. Goll, D. E., V. F. Thompson, R. G. Taylor, and T. Zalewska. 1992. Is calpain activity regulated by membranes and autolysis or by calcium and calpastatin? Bioessays 14:549-556.
  15. Guerini, D. 1997. Calcineurin: not just a simple protein phosphatase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 235:271-275.
  16. Hermann, A. and J. A. Cox. 1995. Sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 111:337-345.
  17. Ikura, M. 1996. Calcium binding and conformational response in EF-hand proteins. Trends. Biochem. Sci. 21:14-17.
  18. Izumo, S. and H. Aoki. 1998. Calcineurin--the missing link in cardiac hypertrophy [news]. Nat. Med. 4:661-662.
  19. James, P., T. Vorherr, and E. Carafoli. 1995. Calmodulin-binding domains: just two faced or multi-faceted? Trends. Biochem. Sci. 20:38-42.
  20. Jin, S., L. Yin, D. S. Wang, and H. T. Liu. 1995. [The regulation of calmodulin in the cell cycle]. Shih. Yen. Sheng. Wu. Hsueh. Pao. 28:121-129.
  21. Johnson, K. A. and F. A. Quiocho. 1996. Protein kinases. Twitching worms catch S100 [news; comment]. Nature 380:585-587.
  22. Keltner, J. L. and C. E. Thirkill. 1998. Cancer-associated retinopathy vs recoverin-associated retinopathy [editorial]. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 126:296-302.
  23. Klee, C. B., H. Ren, and X. Wang. 1998. Regulation of the calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase, calcineurin. J. Biol. Chem. 273:13367-13370.
  24. Krieg, P., M. Schuppler, R. Koesters, A. Mincheva, P. Lichter, and F. Marks. 1997. Repetin (Rptn), a new member of the "fused gene" subgroup within the S100 gene family encoding a murine epidermal differentiation protein. Genomics. 43:339-348.
  25. Maki, M. 1998. [A family of the intracellular calcium-binding proteins with five EF-hand motifs]. Seikagaku. 70:202-207.
  26. Maki, M., S. V. Narayana, and K. Hitomi. 1997. A growing family of the Ca2+-binding proteins with five EF-hand motifs [letter]. Biochem. J. 328:718-720.
  27. Matsui, H., Y. F. Lu, and A. Moriwaki. 1998. [Physiological role of calcineurin in central nervous system]. Tanpakushitsu. Kakusan. Koso. 43:1039-1046.
  28. Nakayama, S. 1995. [Evolution of EF-hand proteins]. Seikagaku. 67:131-137.
  29. Nishimura, H. and Y. Yazaki. 1995. [Myosin light chain]. Nippon. Rinsho. 53 Su Pt 1:243-245.
  30. Nixon, R. A., K. I. Saito, F. Grynspan, W. R. Griffin, S. Katayama, T. Honda, P. S. Mohan, T. B. Shea, and M. Beermann. 1994. Calcium-activated neutral proteinase (calpain) system in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 747:77-91.
  31. Omori, N. and F. Shibasaki. 1998. [The role of calcineurin in the regulation of transcription factors]. Tanpakushitsu. Kakusan. Koso. 43:1047-1054.
  32. Ono, Y., H. Sorimachi, and K. Suzuki. 1998. Structure and physiology of calpain, an enigmatic protease. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 245:289-294.
  33. Reed, M. J. and E. H. Sage. 1996. SPARC and the extracellular matrix: implications for cancer and wound repair. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 213:81-94.
  34. Salisbury, J. L. 1995. Centrin, centrosomes, and mitotic spindle poles. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 7:39-45.
  35. Schafer, B. W. and C. W. Heizmann. 1996. The S100 family of EF-hand calcium-binding proteins: functions and pathology. Trends. Biochem. Sci. 21:134-140.
  36. Shimomura, O. 1995. A short story of aequorin. Biol. Bull. 189:1-5.
  37. Shuntoh, H., R. Sugiura, and T. Kuno. 1998. [The structure and regulation of calcineurin]. Tanpakushitsu. Kakusan. Koso. 43:952-958.
  38. Sugiura, R., T. Kuno, and H. Shuntoh. 1998. [Calcineurin-mediated signal transduction pathways in yeast]. Tanpakushitsu. Kakusan. Koso. 43:1021-1028.
  39. Suzuki, K. and H. Sorimachi. 1998. A novel aspect of calpain activation. FEBS Lett. 433:1-4.
  40. Suzuki, K., H. Sorimachi, T. Yoshizawa, K. Kinbara, and S. Ishiura. 1995. Calpain: novel family members, activation, and physiologic function. Biol. Chem. Hoppe. Seyler. 376:523-529.
  41. Tagawa, K., H. Sorimachi, S. Ishiura, K. Suzuki, and Y. Seyama. 1997. [Calpain super family and its interacting-proteins]. Tanpakushitsu. Kakusan. Koso. 42:2165-2174.
  42. Takano, E. and M. Maki. 1997. [Calpastatin: molecular mechanism of calpain inhibition]. Tanpakushitsu. Kakusan. Koso. 42:2181-2188.
  43. Takuwa, N., W. Zhou, and Y. Takuwa. 1995. Calcium, calmodulin and cell cycle progression. Cell Signal. 7:93-104.
  44. Tamura, K. 1998. [Multiple actions of tacrolimus and cyclosporin A as specific inhibitors of calcineurin]. Tanpakushitsu. Kakusan. Koso. 43:1118-1130.
  45. Vogel, H. J. 1994. The Merck Frosst Award Lecture 1994. Calmodulin: a versatile calcium mediator protein. Biochem. Cell Biol. 72:357-376.
  46. Wang, K. K. and P. W. Yuen. 1994. Calpain inhibition: an overview of its therapeutic potential. Trends. Pharmacol. Sci. 15:412-419.
  47. Yakel, J. L. 1997. Calcineurin regulation of synaptic function: from ion channels to transmitter release and gene transcription. Trends. Pharmacol. Sci. 18:124-134.
  48. Yazawa, M. 1994. [Calmodulin--Ca2+ binding and enzyme activation]. Seikagaku. 66:1145-1149.
  49. Yoshino, H. and Y. Izumi. 1994. [How does calmodulin express Ca(2+)-signals--recent progress by solution X-ray scattering]. Seikagaku. 66:1523-1528.
  50. Zimmer, D. B., E. H. Cornwall, A. Landar, and W. Song. 1995. The S100 protein family: history, function, and expression. Brain Res. Bull. 37:417-429.

Binding

  1. Afshar, M., L. S. Caves, L. Guimard, R. E. Hubbard, B. Calas, G. Grassy, and J. Haiech. 1994. Investigating the high affinity and low sequence specificity of calmodulin binding to its targets. J. Mol. Biol. 244:554-571.
  2. al Hillawi, E., D. G. Bhandari, H. R. Trayer, and I. P. Trayer. 1995. The effects of phosphorylation of cardiac troponin-I on its interactions with actin and cardiac troponin-C. Eur. J. Biochem. 228:962-970.
  3. Alcazar, A., M. E. Martin, E. Soria, S. Rodriguez, J. L. Fando, and M. Salinas. 1995. Purification and characterization of guanine nucleotide-exchange factor, eIF-2B, and p37 calmodulin-binding protein from calf brain. J. Neurochem. 65:754-761.
  4. Anagli, J., F. Hofmann, M. Quadroni, T. Vorherr, and E. Carafoli. 1995. The calmodulin-binding domain of the inducible (macrophage) nitric oxide synthase. Eur. J. Biochem. 233:701-708.
  5. Anderson, J. T., R. P. Rogers, and H. W. Jarrett. 1996. Ca2+-calmodulin binds to the carboxyl-terminal domain of dystrophin. J. Biol. Chem. 271:6605-6610.
  6. Anglister, J., H. Ren, C. B. Klee, and A. Bax. 1995. NMR identification of calcineurin B residues affected by binding of a calcineurin A peptide. FEBS Lett. 375:108-112.
  7. Arazi, T., G. Baum, W. A. Snedden, B. J. Shelp, and H. Fromm. 1995. Molecular and biochemical analysis of calmodulin interactions with the calmodulin-binding domain of plant glutamate decarboxylase. Plant. Physiol. 108:551-561.
  8. Arbuzova, A., J. Wang, D. Murray, J. Jacob, D. S. Cafiso, and S. McLaughlin. 1997. Kinetics of interaction of the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate, membranes, and calmodulin. J. Biol. Chem. 272:27167-27177.
  9. Arthur, J. S. and C. Crawford. 1996. Investigation of the interaction of m-calpain with phospholipids: calpain-phospholipid interactions. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1293:201-206.
  10. Auerswald, E. A., D. K. Nagler, S. Gross, I. Assfalg Machleidt, M. T. Stubbs, C. Eckerskorn, W. Machleidt, and H. Fritz. 1996. Hybrids of chicken cystatin with human kininogen domain 2 sequences exhibit novel inhibition of calpain, improved inhibition of actinidin and impaired inhibition of papain, cathepsin L and cathepsin B. Eur. J. Biochem. 235:534-542.
  11. Babiychuk, E. B. and A. Sobieszek. 1997. Oligomerization of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase and its modifications by melittin and calmodulin. Biopolymers. 42:673-686.
  12. Bao, J., A. H. Sharp, M. V. Wagster, M. Becher, G. Schilling, C. A. Ross, V. L. Dawson, and T. M. Dawson. 1996. Expansion of polyglutamine repeat in huntingtin leads to abnormal protein interactions involving calmodulin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93:5037-5042.
  13. Barth, A., S. R. Martin, and P. M. Bayley. 1998. Specificity and symmetry in the interaction of calmodulin domains with the skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase target sequence. J. Biol. Chem. 273:2174-2183.
  14. Bartoli, M., A. Monneron, and D. Ladant. 1998. Interaction of calmodulin with striatin, a WD-repeat protein present in neuronal dendritic spines. J. Biol. Chem. 273:22248-22253.
  15. Baudier, J., E. Bergeret, N. Bertacchi, H. Weintraub, J. Gagnon, and J. Garin. 1995. Interactions of myogenic bHLH transcription factors with calcium-binding calmodulin and S100a (alpha alpha) proteins. Biochemistry 34:7834-7846.
  16. Baum, G., S. Lev Yadun, Y. Fridmann, T. Arazi, H. Katsnelson, M. Zik, and H. Fromm. 1996. Calmodulin binding to glutamate decarboxylase is required for regulation of glutamate and GABA metabolism and normal development in plants. EMBO J. 15:2988-2996.
  17. Benguria, A., J. Martin Nieto, G. Benaim, and A. Villalobo. 1995. Regulatory interaction between calmodulin and the epidermal growth factor receptor. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 766:472-476.
  18. Bing, W., I. D. Fraser, and S. B. Marston. 1997. Troponin I and troponin T interact with troponin C to produce different Ca2+-dependent effects on actin-tropomyosin filament motility. Biochem. J. 327:335-340.
  19. Bjork, J., S. Lundberg, and L. Backman. 1995. Characterization of the binding of calmodulin to non-erythroid spectrin. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 66:200-204.
  20. Bouhoute, A. and G. Leclercq. 1995. Modulation of estradiol and DNA binding to estrogen receptor upon association with calmodulin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 208:748-755.
  21. Bouhss, A., M. Vincent, H. Munier, A. M. Gilles, M. Takahashi, O. Barzu, A. Danchin, and J. Gallay. 1996. Conformational transitions within the calmodulin-binding site of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase studied by time-resolved fluorescence of Trp242 and circular dichroism. Eur. J. Biochem. 237:619-628.
  22. Bowser, J. and A. S. Reddy. 1997. Localization of a kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein in dividing cells of Arabidopsis and tobacco. Plant. J. 12:1429-1437.
  23. Brill, S., S. Li, C. W. Lyman, D. M. Church, J. J. Wasmuth, L. Weissbach, A. Bernards, and A. J. Snijders. 1996. The Ras GTPase-activating-protein-related human protein IQGAP2 harbors a potential actin binding domain and interacts with calmodulin and Rho family GTPases. Mol. Cell Biol. 16:4869-4878.
  24. Brown, S. E., S. R. Martin, and P. M. Bayley. 1997. Kinetic control of the dissociation pathway of calmodulin-peptide complexes. J. Biol. Chem. 272:3389-3397.
  25. Brownawell, A. M. and C. E. Creutz. 1997. Calcium-dependent binding of sorcin to the N-terminal domain of synexin (annexin VII). J. Biol. Chem. 272:22182-22190.
  26. Browne, J. P., M. Strom, S. R. Martin, and P. M. Bayley. 1997. The role of beta-sheet interactions in domain stability, folding, and target recognition reactions of calmodulin. Biochemistry 36:9550-9561.
  27. Buku, A., W. C. Probst, K. R. Weiss, and J. Heierhorst. 1996. Studies of the calmodulin-binding site of twitchin with synthetic peptides using fluorescence and CD spectroscopy. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 218:854-859.
  28. Camoni, L., J. F. Harper, and M. G. Palmgren. 1998. 14-3-3 proteins activate a plant calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK). FEBS Lett. 430:381-384.
  29. Cao, Q. P., C. A. McGrath, E. F. Baril, P. J. Quesenberry, and G. P. Reddy. 1995. The 68 kDa calmodulin-binding protein is tightly associated with the multiprotein DNA polymerase alpha-primase complex in HeLa cells. Biochemistry 34:3878-3883.
  30. Capelli, N., F. Barja, D. Van Tuinen, J. Monnat, G. Turian, and R. Ortega Perez. 1997. Purification of a 47-kDa calmodulin-binding polypeptide as an actin-binding protein from Neurospora crassa [published erratum appears in FEMS Microbiol Lett 1997 May 1;150(1);173]. FEMS. Microbiol. Lett. 147:215-220.
  31. Castets, F., M. Bartoli, J. V. Barnier, G. Baillat, P. Salin, A. Moqrich, J. P. Bourgeois, F. Denizot, G. Rougon, G. Calothy, and A. Monneron. 1996. A novel calmodulin-binding protein, belonging to the WD-repeat family, is localized in dendrites of a subset of CNS neurons. J. Cell Biol. 134:1051-1062.
  32. Chabbert, M., E. Piemont, F. G. Prendergast, and H. Lami. 1995. Fluorescence of a tryptophan bearing peptide from smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase upon binding to two closely related calmodulins. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 322:429-436.
  33. Chapin, S. J., C. Enrich, B. Aroeti, R. J. Havel, and K. E. Mostov. 1996. Calmodulin binds to the basolateral targeting signal of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1336-1342.
  34. Chen, C. K., J. Inglese, R. J. Lefkowitz, and J. B. Hurley. 1995. Ca(2+)-dependent interaction of recoverin with rhodopsin kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 270:18060-18066.
  35. Cohen, O., E. Feinstein, and A. Kimchi. 1997. DAP-kinase is a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent, cytoskeletal-associated protein kinase, with cell death-inducing functions that depend on its catalytic activity. EMBO J. 16:998-1008.
  36. Coluccio, L. M. 1994. Differential calmodulin binding to three myosin-1 isoforms from liver. J. Cell Sci. 107:2279-2284.
  37. Craescu, C. T., A. Bouhss, J. Mispelter, E. Diesis, A. Popescu, M. Chiriac, and O. Barzu. 1995. Calmodulin binding of a peptide derived from the regulatory domain of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase. J. Biol. Chem. 270:7088-7096.
  38. Craven, C. J., B. Whitehead, S. K. Jones, E. Thulin, G. M. Blackburn, and J. P. Waltho. 1996. Complexes formed between calmodulin and the antagonists J-8 and TFP in solution. Biochemistry 35:10287-10299.
  39. Croall, D. E. and K. S. McGrody. 1994. Domain structure of calpain: mapping the binding site for calpastatin. Biochemistry 33:13223-13230.
  40. Dash, S., W. Niemaczura, and H. M. Harrington. 1997. Characterization of the basic amphiphilic alpha-helix calmodulin-binding domain of a 61.5 kDa tobacco calmodulin-binding protein. Biochemistry 36:2025-2029.
  41. Deloulme, J. C., L. Prichard, O. Delattre, and D. R. Storm. 1997. The prooncoprotein EWS binds calmodulin and is phosphorylated by protein kinase C through an IQ domain. J. Biol. Chem. 272:27369-27377.
  42. Dingley, A. J., J. P. Mackay, B. E. Chapman, M. B. Morris, P. W. Kuchel, B. D. Hambly, and G. F. King. 1995. Measuring protein self-association using pulsed-field-gradient NMR spectroscopy: application to myosin light chain 2. J. Biomol. NMR. 6:321-328.
  43. dos Santos, C. F., R. E. Larson, A. D. Panek, and V. M. Paschoalin. 1997. Ca2+/calmodulin-binding proteins in yeast. Catabolite repression and induction by carbon sources. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 41:359-366.
  44. Dubernard, V., D. Faucher, J. M. Launay, and C. Legrand. 1995. Identification of the cytoskeletal protein alpha-actinin as a platelet thrombospondin-binding protein. FEBS Lett. 364:109-114.
  45. Edlund, M., I. Blikstad, and B. Obrink. 1996. Calmodulin binds to specific sequences in the cytoplasmic domain of C-CAM and down-regulates C-CAM self-association. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1393-1399.
  46. Edwards, R. A., M. P. Walsh, C. Sutherland, and H. J. Vogel. 1998. Activation of calcineurin and smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase by Met-to-Leu mutants of calmodulin. Biochem. J. 331:149-152.
  47. Ehlers, M. D., S. Zhang, J. P. Bernhadt, and R. L. Huganir. 1996. Inactivation of NMDA receptors by direct interaction of calmodulin with the NR1 subunit. Cell 84:745-755.
  48. Ehrhardt, M. R., J. L. Urbauer, and A. J. Wand. 1995. The energetics and dynamics of molecular recognition by calmodulin. Biochemistry 34:2731-2738.
  49. Eilertsen, K. J., S. T. Kazmierski, and T. C. Keller. 1997. Interaction of alpha-actinin with cellular titin. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 74:361-364.
  50. Enrich, C., S. Jackle, and R. J. Havel. 1996. The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor is the major calmodulin-binding protein in an endosome fraction from rat liver enriched in recycling receptors. Hepatology 24:226-232.
  51. Enyedi, A., N. L. Elwess, A. G. Filoteo, A. K. Verma, K. Paszty, and J. T. Penniston. 1997. Protein kinase C phosphorylates the "a" forms of plasma membrane Ca2+ pump isoforms 2 and 3 and prevents binding of calmodulin. J. Biol. Chem. 272:27525-27528.
  52. Fanidi, A., Y. Guichard, J. M. Fayard, J. F. Pageaux, and C. Laugier. 1994. Fluorimetric studies of calmodulin interactions with antiestrogens. Cancer Detect. Prev. 18:471-478.
  53. Faux, M. C. and J. D. Scott. 1997. Regulation of the AKAP79-protein kinase C interaction by Ca2+/Calmodulin. J. Biol. Chem. 272:17038-17044.
  54. Filipek, A. and J. Kuznicki. 1998. Molecular cloning and expression of a mouse brain cDNA encoding a novel protein target of calcyclin. J. Neurochem. 70:1793-1798.
  55. Filipek, A., U. Wojda, and W. Lesniak. 1995. Interaction of calcyclin and its cyanogen bromide fragments with annexin II and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 27:1123-1131.
  56. Filipek, A., A. Zasada, U. Wojda, R. Makuch, and R. Dabrowska. 1996. Characterization of chicken gizzard calcyclin and examination of its interaction with caldesmon. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 113:745-752.
  57. Findlay, W. A., M. J. Gradwell, and P. M. Bayley. 1995. Role of the N-terminal region of the skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase target sequence in its interaction with calmodulin. Protein. Sci. 4:2375-2382.
  58. Fischer, R., Y. Wei, J. Anagli, and M. W. Berchtold. 1996. Calmodulin binds to and inhibits GTP binding of the ras-like GTPase Kir/Gem. J. Biol. Chem. 271:25067-25070.
  59. Fujisawa, R., Y. Wada, Y. Nodasaka, and Y. Kuboki. 1996. Acidic amino acid-rich sequences as binding sites of osteonectin to hydroxyapatite crystals. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1292:53-60.
  60. Fukami, K., N. Sawada, T. Endo, and T. Takenawa. 1996. Identification of a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-binding site in chicken skeletal muscle alpha-actinin. J. Biol. Chem. 271:2646-2650.
  61. Gachhui, R., H. M. Abu Soud, D. K. Ghosha, A. Presta, M. A. Blazing, B. Mayer, S. E. George, and D. J. Stuehr. 1998. Neuronal nitric-oxide synthase interaction with calmodulin-troponin C chimeras. J. Biol. Chem. 273:5451-5454.
  62. Gallego, P. P., L. Whotton, S. Picton, D. Grierson, and J. E. Gray. 1995. A role for glutamate decarboxylase during tomato ripening: the characterisation of a cDNA encoding a putative glutamate decarboxylase with a calmodulin-binding site. Plant. Mol. Biol. 27:1143-1151.
  63. Garcia Cozar, F. J., H. Okamura, J. F. Aramburu, K. T. Y. Shaw, L. Pelletier, R. Showalter, E. Villafranca, and A. Rao. 1998. Two-site interaction of nuclear factor of activated T cells with activated calcineurin. J. Biol. Chem. 273:23877-23883.
  64. Gautel, M., M. A. Castiglione Morelli, M. Pfuhl, A. Motta, and A. Pastore. 1995. A calmodulin-binding sequence in the C-terminus of human cardiac titin kinase. Eur. J. Biochem. 230:752-759.
  65. Ghirlanda, G., J. D. Lear, A. Lombardi, and W. F. DeGrado. 1998. From synthetic coiled coils to functional proteins: automated design of a receptor for the calmodulin-binding domain of calcineurin. J. Mol. Biol. 281:379-391.
  66. Gohring, W., T. Sasaki, C. H. Heldin, and R. Timpl. 1998. Mapping of the binding of platelet-derived growth factor to distinct domains of the basement membrane proteins BM-40 and perlecan and distinction from the BM-40 collagen-binding epitope. Eur. J. Biochem. 255:60-66.
  67. Golitsina, N. L., J. Kordowska, C. L. Wang, and S. S. Lehrer. 1996. Ca2+-dependent binding of calcyclin to muscle tropomyosin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 220:360-365.
  68. Graether, S. P., T. Y. Heinonen, W. H. Raharjo, J. P. Jin, and A. S. Mak. 1997. Tryptophan residues in caldesmon are major determinants for calmodulin binding. Biochemistry 36:364-369.
  69. Grunwald, M. E., W. P. Yu, H. H. Yu, and K. W. Yau. 1998. Identification of a domain on the beta-subunit of the rod cGMP-gated cation channel that mediates inhibition by calcium-calmodulin. J. Biol. Chem. 273:9148-9157.
  70. Guerrini, R., P. Menegazzi, R. Anacardio, M. Marastoni, R. Tomatis, F. Zorzato, and S. Treves. 1995. Calmodulin binding sites of the skeletal, cardiac, and brain ryanodine receptor Ca2+ channels: modulation by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase? Biochemistry 34:5120-5129.
  71. Gupta, R. P. and M. B. Abou Donia. 1995. Neurofilament phosphorylation and [125I]calmodulin binding by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in the brain subcellular fractions of diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP)-treated hen. Neurochem. Res. 20:1095-1105.
  72. Han, C. H. and D. M. Roberts. 1997. Altered methylation substrate kinetics and calcium binding of a calmodulin with a Val136-->Thr substitution. Eur. J. Biochem. 244:904-912.
  73. Han, X., G. Li, and K. Lin. 1997. Interactions between smooth muscle alpha-actinin and lipid bilayers. Biochemistry 36:10364-10371.
  74. Harley, V. R., R. Lovell Badge, P. N. Goodfellow, and P. J. Hextall. 1996. The HMG box of SRY is a calmodulin binding domain. FEBS Lett. 391:24-28.
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  47. Patel, J. R., K. S. McDonald, M. R. Wolff, and R. L. Moss. 1997. Ca2+ binding to troponin C in skinned skeletal muscle fibers assessed with caged Ca2+ and a Ca2+ fluorophore. Invariance of Ca2+ binding as a function of sarcomere length. J. Biol. Chem. 272:6018-6027.
  48. Pedigo, S. and M. A. Shea. 1995. Discontinuous equilibrium titrations of cooperative calcium binding to calmodulin monitored by 1-D 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Biochemistry 34:10676-10689.
  49. Perrino, B. A., L. Y. Ng, and T. R. Soderling. 1995. Calcium regulation of calcineurin phosphatase activity by its B subunit and calmodulin. Role of the autoinhibitory domain. J. Biol. Chem. 270:7012.
  50. Presland, R. B., J. A. Bassuk, J. R. Kimball, and B. A. Dale. 1995. Characterization of two distinct calcium-binding sites in the amino-terminus of human profilaggrin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 104:218-223.
  51. Putkey, J. A., W. Liu, X. Lin, S. Ahmed, M. Zhang, J. D. Potter, and W. G. Kerrick. 1997. Fluorescent probes attached to Cys 35 or Cys 84 in cardiac troponin C are differentially sensitive to Ca(2+)-dependent events in vitro and in situ. Biochemistry 36:970-978.
  52. Raser, K. J., M. Buroker Kilgore, and K. K. Wang. 1996. Binding and aggregation of human mu-calpain by terbium ion. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1292:9-14.
  53. Rudnicka Nawrot, M., I. Surgucheva, J. D. Hulmes, F. Haeseleer, I. Sokal, J. W. Crabb, W. Baehr, and K. Palczewski. 1998. Changes in biological activity and folding of guanylate cyclase-activating protein 1 as a function of calcium. Biochemistry 37:248-257.
  54. Sandhir, R. and K. D. Gill. 1994. Effect of lead on the biological activity of calmodulin in rat brain. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 61:69-75.
  55. Sandhir, R. and K. D. Gill. 1994. Lead perturbs calmodulin dependent cyclic AMP metabolism in rat central nervous system. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 33:729-742.
  56. Scholz, W. K. and H. C. Palfrey. 1998. Activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II by extracellular calcium in cultured hippocampal pyramidal neurons. J. Neurochem. 71:580-591.
  57. Schwaller, B., I. Durussel, D. Jermann, B. Herrmann, and J. A. Cox. 1997. Comparison of the Ca2+-binding properties of human recombinant calretinin-22k and calretinin. J. Biol. Chem. 272:29663-29671.
  58. Senger, R. and W. H. Goldmann. 1995. The influence of cations and ionic strength on actin polymerization in the presence/absence of alpha-actinin. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 35:103-109.
  59. Senger, R., W. H. Goldmann, and G. Isenberg. 1995. The influence of cations on the polymerization of actin and actin in the presence of alpha-actinin/filamin. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 23:57S.
  60. Sharma, Y., S. Chandani, M. B. Sukhaswami, L. Uma, D. Balasubramanian, and T. Fairwell. 1997. Modified helix-loop-helix motifs of calmodulin--The influence of the exchange of helical regions on calcium-binding affinity. Eur. J. Biochem. 243:42-48.
  61. Sorenson, M. M., A. C. da Silva, C. S. Gouveia, V. P. Sousa, W. Oshima, J. A. Ferro, and F. C. Reinach. 1995. Concerted action of the high affinity calcium binding sites in skeletal muscle troponin C. J. Biol. Chem. 270:9770-9777.
  62. Spyracopoulos, L., M. X. Li, S. K. Sia, S. M. Gagne, M. Chandra, R. J. Solaro, and B. D. Sykes. 1997. Calcium-induced structural transition in the regulatory domain of human cardiac troponin C. Biochemistry 36:12138-12146.
  63. Stevens Truss, R., K. Beckingham, and M. A. Marletta. 1997. Calcium binding sites of calmodulin and electron transfer by neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Biochemistry 36:12337-12345.
  64. Stevens, J. and J. H. Rogers. 1997. Chick calretinin: purification, composition, and metal binding activity of native and recombinant forms. Protein. Expr. Purif. 9:171-181.
  65. Stoffler, H. E. and M. Bahler. 1998. The ATPase activity of Myr3, a rat myosin I, is allosterically inhibited by its own tail domain and by Ca2+ binding to its light chain calmodulin. J. Biol. Chem. 273:14605-14611.
  66. Szczesna, D., G. Guzman, T. Miller, J. Zhao, K. Farokhi, H. Ellemberger, and J. D. Potter. 1996. The role of the four Ca2+ binding sites of troponin C in the regulation of skeletal muscle contraction. J. Biol. Chem. 271:8381-8386.
  67. Tachikui, H., A. F. Navet, and M. Ozawa. 1997. Identification of the Ca(2+)-binding domains in reticulocalbin, an endoplasmic reticulum resident Ca(2+)-binding protein with multiple EF-hand motifs. J. Biochem. Tokyo. 121:145-149.
  68. Takita, H. and Y. Kuboki. 1995. Conformational changes of bovine bone osteonectin induced by interaction with calcium. Calcif. Tissue. Int. 56:559-565.
  69. Veenstra, T. D., M. D. Gross, W. Hunziker, and R. Kumar. 1995. Identification of metal-binding sites in rat brain calcium-binding protein. J. Biol. Chem. 270:30353-30358.
  70. Veenstra, T. D., K. L. Johnson, A. J. Tomlinson, S. Naylor, and R. Kumar. 1997. Determination of calcium-binding sites in rat brain calbindin D28K by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Biochemistry 36:3535-3542.
  71. Verhage, M., J. J. Hens, P. N. De Grann, F. Boomsma, V. M. Wiegant, F. H. da Silva, W. H. Gispen, and W. E. Ghijsen. 1995. Ba2+ replaces Ca2+/calmodulin in the activation of protein phosphatases and in exocytosis of all major transmitters. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 291:387-398.
  72. Wang, S., S. E. George, J. P. Davis, and J. D. Johnson. 1998. Structural determinants of Ca2+ exchange and affinity in the C terminal of cardiac troponin C. Biochemistry 37:14539-14544.
  73. Whittaker, M. and R. A. Milligan. 1997. Conformational changes due to calcium-induced calmodulin dissociation in brush border myosin I-decorated F-actin revealed by cryoelectron microscopy and image analysis. J. Mol. Biol. 269:548-557.
  74. Wu, X. and R. E. Reid. 1997. Structure/calcium affinity relationships of site III of calmodulin: testing the acid pair hypothesis using calmodulin mutants. Biochemistry 36:8649-8656.
  75. Yamada, K., F. Sakane, N. Matsushima, and H. Kanoh. 1997. EF-hand motifs of alpha, beta and gamma isoforms of diacylglycerol kinase bind calcium with different affinities and conformational changes. Biochem. J. 321:59-64.
  76. Zheng, L., C. W. Hogue, and J. D. Brennan. 1998. Effects of metal binding affinity on the chemical and thermal stability of site-directed mutants of rat oncomodulin. Biophys. Chem. 71:157-172.
  77. Zimprich, F., K. Torok, and S. R. Bolsover. 1995. Nuclear calmodulin responds rapidly to calcium influx at the plasmalemma. Cell Calcium. 17:233-238.

Derivatisation

  1. Ames, J. B., T. Porumb, T. Tanaka, M. Ikura, and L. Stryer. 1995. Amino-terminal myristoylation induces cooperative calcium binding to recoverin. J. Biol. Chem. 270:4526-4533.
  2. Benaim, G., V. Cervino, and A. Villalobo. 1998. Comparative phosphorylation of calmodulin from trypanosomatids and bovine brain by calmodulin-binding protein kinases. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. 120:57-65.
  3. Benguria, A., M. Soriano, J. L. Joyal, D. B. Sacks, and A. Villalobo. 1995. Phosphorylation of calmodulin by plasma-membrane-associated protein kinase(s). Eur. J. Biochem. 234:50-58.
  4. Bremerich, D. H., T. Kai, D. O. Warner, and K. A. Jones. 1998. Effect of phorbol esters on Ca2+ sensitivity and myosin light-chain phosphorylation in airway smooth muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 274:C1253-C1260.
  5. Cai, S., L. Pestic Dragovich, M. E. O'Donnell, N. Wang, D. Ingber, E. Elson, and P. de Lanerolle. 1998. Regulation of cytoskeletal mechanics and cell growth by myosin light chain phosphorylation. Am. J. Physiol. 275:C1349-C1356.
  6. Damron, D. S., A. Darvish, L. Murphy, W. Sweet, C. S. Moravec, and M. Bond. 1995. Arachidonic acid-dependent phosphorylation of troponin I and myosin light chain 2 in cardiac myocytes. Circ. Res. 76:1011-1019.
  7. Damrongchai, N., E. Kobatake, T. Haruyama, Y. Ikariyama, and M. Aizawa. 1995. Calcium responsive two-dimensional molecular assembling of lipid-conjugated calmodulin. Bioconjug. Chem. 6:264-268.
  8. Davis, H. W., D. L. Crimmins, R. S. Thoma, and J. G. Garcia. 1996. Phosphorylation of calmodulin in the first calcium-binding pocket by myosin light chain kinase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 332:101-109.
  9. Dong, W. J., C. K. Wang, A. M. Gordon, and H. C. Cheung. 1997. Disparate fluorescence properties of 2-[4'-(iodoacetamido)anilino]-naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid attached to Cys-84 and Cys-35 of troponin C in cardiac muscle troponin. Biophys. J. 72:850-857.
  10. Egerton, M., R. L. Moritz, B. Druker, A. Kelso, and R. J. Simpson. 1996. Identification of the 70kD heat shock cognate protein (Hsc70) and alpha-actinin-1 as novel phosphotyrosine-containing proteins in T lymphocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 224:666-674.
  11. Fukuda, K., Y. Ozaki, K. Satoh, S. Kume, M. Tawata, T. Onaya, K. Sakurada, M. Seto, and Y. Sasaki. 1997. Phosphorylation of myosin light chain in resting platelets from NIDDM patients is enhanced: correlation with spontaneous aggregation. Diabetes. 46:488-493.
  12. Gagnon, A. and J. Welsh. 1997. Modulation and phosphorylation of calbindin-D28K correlates with protein kinase C activation1. Biochem. Cell Biol. 75:33-40.
  13. Garcia, J. G., H. W. Davis, and C. E. Patterson. 1995. Regulation of endothelial cell gap formation and barrier dysfunction: role of myosin light chain phosphorylation. J. Cell Physiol. 163:510-522.
  14. Grabarek, Z., Y. Mabuchi, and J. Gergely. 1995. Properties of troponin C acetylated at lysine residues. Biochemistry 34:11872-11881.
  15. Harada, T., M. Seto, Y. Sasaki, S. London, Z. Luo, and M. Mayberg. 1995. The time course of myosin light-chain phosphorylation in blood-induced vasospasm. Neurosurgery. 36:1178-1182.
  16. Heierhorst, J., W. C. Probst, R. A. Kohanski, A. Buku, and K. R. Weiss. 1995. Phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chains by the molluscan twitchin kinase. Eur. J. Biochem. 233:426-431.
  17. Helms, M. K., D. A. Malencik, and S. R. Anderson. 1998. Flexibility involving the intermolecular dityrosyl cross-links of enzymatically polymerized calmodulin. Biochemistry 37:8378-8384.
  18. Hohenadl, C., K. Mann, U. Mayer, R. Timpl, M. Paulsson, and D. Aeschlimann. 1995. Two adjacent N-terminal glutamines of BM-40 (osteonectin, SPARC) act as amine acceptor sites in transglutaminaseC-catalyzed modification. J. Biol. Chem. 270:23415-23420.
  19. Ishibashi, S., K. Kawasaki, Y. Tate, T. Ihara, and K. Shimada. 1995. Nitroglycerin inhibits the phosphorylation of intermediate filament proteins rather than myosin light chain on porcine coronary artery sustained contraction. Experientia. 51:980-985.
  20. Jha, P. K., C. Mao, and S. Sarkar. 1996. Photo-cross-linking of rabbit skeletal troponin I deletion mutants with troponin C and its thiol mutants: the inhibitory region enhances binding of troponin I fragments to troponin C. Biochemistry 35:11026-11035.
  21. Joyal, J. L., D. L. Crimmins, R. S. Thoma, and D. B. Sacks. 1996. Identification of insulin-stimulated phosphorylation sites on calmodulin. Biochemistry 35:6267-6275.
  22. Kuo, W. N., U. Ganesan, D. L. Davis, and D. L. Walbey. 1994. Regulation of the phosphorylation of calpain II and its inhibitor. Mol. Cell Biochem. 136:157-161.
  23. Kureishi, Y., S. Kobayashi, M. Amano, K. Kimura, H. Kanaide, T. Nakano, K. Kaibuchi, and M. Ito. 1997. Rho-associated kinase directly induces smooth muscle contraction through myosin light chain phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 272:12257-12260.
  24. Laub, M. and H. P. Jennissen. 1997. Synthesis and decay of calmodulin-ubiquitin conjugates in cell-free extracts of various rabbit tissues. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1357:173-191.
  25. Laub, M., J. A. Steppuhn, M. Bluggel, D. Immler, H. E. Meyer, and H. P. Jennissen. 1998. Modulation of calmodulin function by ubiquitin-calmodulin ligase and identification of the responsible ubiquitylation site in vertebrate calmodulin. Eur. J. Biochem. 255:422-431.
  26. Lin, X., D. G. Dotson, and J. A. Putkey. 1996. Covalent binding of peptides to the N-terminal hydrophobic region of cardiac troponin C has limited effects on function. J. Biol. Chem. 271:244-249.
  27. Liu, G. and P. C. Newell. 1994. Regulation of myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation via cyclic GMP during chemotaxis of Dictyostelium. J. Cell Sci. 107:1737-1743.
  28. Liu, X., N. Takeda, and N. S. Dhalla. 1997. Myosin light-chain phosphorylation in diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. Metabolism 46:71-75.
  29. Lucius, C., A. Arner, A. Steusloff, M. Troschka, F. Hofmann, K. Aktories, and G. Pfitzer. 1998. Clostridium difficile toxin B inhibits carbachol-induced force and myosin light chain phosphorylation in guinea-pig smooth muscle: role of Rho proteins. J. Physiol. Lond. 506:83-93.
  30. Majumdar, M., T. M. Seasholtz, D. Goldstein, P. de Lanerolle, and J. H. Brown. 1998. Requirement for Rho-mediated myosin light chain phosphorylation in thrombin-stimulated cell rounding and its dissociation from mitogenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 273:10099-10106.
  31. Malencik, D. A. and S. R. Anderson. 1994. Dityrosine formation in calmodulin: conditions for intermolecular cross-linking. Biochemistry 33:13363-13372.
  32. Manjarrez Hernandez, H. A., T. J. Baldwin, P. H. Williams, R. Haigh, S. Knutton, and A. Aitken. 1996. Phosphorylation of myosin light chain at distinct sites and its association with the cytoskeleton during enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection. Infect. Immun. 64:2368-2370.
  33. Mills, I., K. Murata, C. S. Packer, and B. E. Sumpio. 1994. Cyclic strain stimulates dephosphorylation of the 20kDa regulatory myosin light chain in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 205:79-84.
  34. Mills, J. C., N. L. Stone, J. Erhardt, and R. N. Pittman. 1998. Apoptotic membrane blebbing is regulated by myosin light chain phosphorylation. J. Cell Biol. 140:627-636.
  35. Patel, J. R., G. M. Diffee, X. P. Huang, and R. L. Moss. 1998. Phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain eliminates force-dependent changes in relaxation rates in skeletal muscle. Biophys. J. 74:360-368.
  36. Quadroni, M., E. L. L'Hostis, C. Corti, I. Myagkikh, I. Durussel, J. Cox, P. James, and E. Carafoli. 1998. Phosphorylation of calmodulin alters its potency as an activator of target enzymes. Biochemistry 37:6523-6532.
  37. Raftery, M. J. and C. L. Geczy. 1998. Identification of posttranslational modifications and cDNA sequencing errors in the rat S100 proteins MRP8 and 14 using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Biochem. 258:285-292.
  38. Rao, A. S. and A. S. Balasubramanian. 1994. Phosphorylation of casein, fibrinogen and calmodulin by a glycoprotein protein kinase from monkey cerebellum: a casein kinase II-like enzyme. Indian J. Biochem. Biophys. 31:392-397.
  39. Rassier, D. E., L. A. Tubman, and B. R. MacIntosh. 1997. Length-dependent potentiation and myosin light chain phosphorylation in rat gastrocnemius muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 273:C198-C204.
  40. Sacks, D. B., B. Mazus, and J. L. Joyal. 1995. The activity of calmodulin is altered by phosphorylation: modulation of calmodulin function by the site of phosphate incorporation. Biochem. J. 312:197-204.
  41. Sakurada, K., M. Seto, and Y. Sasaki. 1998. Dynamics of myosin light chain phosphorylation at Ser19 and Thr18/Ser19 in smooth muscle cells in culture. Am. J. Physiol. 274:C1563-C1572.
  42. Sanada, K., K. Kokame, T. Yoshizawa, T. Takao, Y. Shimonishi, and Y. Fukada. 1995. Role of heterogeneous N-terminal acylation of recoverin in rhodopsin phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 270:15459-15462.
  43. Shasby, D. M., T. Stevens, D. Ries, A. B. Moy, J. M. Kamath, A. M. Kamath, and S. S. Shasby. 1997. Thrombin inhibits myosin light chain dephosphorylation in endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 272:L311-L319.
  44. Sun, H., K. Kanamaru, M. Ito, H. Suzuki, T. Kojima, S. Waga, Y. Kureishi, and T. Nakano. 1998. Myosin light chain phosphorylation and contractile proteins in a canine two-hemorrhage model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 29:2149-2154.
  45. Szymanska, G., J. D. Leszyk, and C. M. O'Connor. 1998. Carboxyl methylation of deamidated calmodulin increases its stability in Xenopus oocyte cytoplasm. Implications for protein repair. J. Biol. Chem. 273:28516-28523.
  46. Tarcsa, E., L. N. Marekov, J. Andreoli, W. W. Idler, E. Candi, S. I. Chung, and P. M. Steinert. 1997. The fate of trichohyalin. Sequential post-translational modifications by peptidyl-arginine deiminase and transglutaminases. J. Biol. Chem. 272:27893-27901.
  47. Tsunobuchi Ushijima, H., H. Okuno, and Y. Gomi. 1998. Myosin light chain phosphorylation and Mn2+ -dependent norepinephrine-induced contractions in guinea-pig vas deferens. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 343:43-49.
  48. Turbedsky, K., T. D. Pollard, and A. R. Bresnick. 1997. A subset of protein kinase C phosphorylation sites on the myosin II regulatory light chain inhibits phosphorylation by myosin light chain kinase. Biochemistry 36:2063-2067.
  49. Wright, L. S., P. J. Bertics, and F. L. Siegel. 1996. Calmodulin N-methyltransferase. Kinetics, mechanism, and inhibitors. J. Biol. Chem. 271:12737-12743.
  50. Wu, X., T. A. Haystead, R. K. Nakamoto, A. V. Somlyo, and A. P. Somlyo. 1998. Acceleration of myosin light chain dephosphorylation and relaxation of smooth muscle by telokin. Synergism with cyclic nucleotide-activated kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 273:11362-11369.
  51. Xie, R. L. and G. L. Long. 1995. Role of N-linked glycosylation in human osteonectin. Effect of carbohydrate removal by N-glycanase and site-directed mutagenesis on structure and binding of type V collagen. J. Biol. Chem. 270:23212-23217.
  52. Yamazaki, M., K. Ishidoh, Y. Suga, T. C. Saido, S. Kawashima, K. Suzuki, E. Kominami, and H. Ogawa. 1997. Cytoplasmic processing of human profilaggrin by active mu-calpain. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 235:652-656.
  53. Zhang, M., E. Thulin, and H. J. Vogel. 1994. Reductive methylation and pKa determination of the lysine side chains in calbindin D9k. J. Protein. Chem. 13:527-535.
  54. Zhao, X., J. H. Collins, O. E. Falendysch, and N. B. Gusev. 1996. Identification of reactive carboxyl groups in troponin C. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 38:467-475.

Expression

  1. Abbott, L. C. and D. M. Jacobowitz. 1995. Development of calretinin-immunoreactive unipolar brush-like cells and an afferent pathway to the embryonic and early postnatal mouse cerebellum. Anat. Embryol. Berl. 191:541-559.
  2. Abd El Basset, E. M. and S. Fedoroff. 1997. Upregulation of F-actin and alpha-actinin in reactive astrocytes. J. Neurosci. Res. 49:608-616.
  3. Abraha, H. D., R. J. Butterworth, P. M. Bath, W. S. Wassif, J. Garthwaite, and R. A. Sherwood. 1997. Serum S-100 protein, relationship to clinical outcome in acute stroke. Ann. Clin. Biochem. 34:366-370.
  4. Abraha, H. D., R. J. Butterworth, P. M. Bath, W. S. Wassif, J. Garthwaite, and R. A. Sherwood. 1997. Serum S-100 protein, relationship to clinical outcome in acute stroke. Ann. Clin. Biochem. 34:546-550.
  5. Abraha, H. D., L. C. Fuller, A. W. Du Vivier, E. M. Higgins, and R. A. Sherwood. 1997. Serum S-100 protein: a potentially useful prognostic marker in cutaneous melanoma. Br. J. Dermatol. 137:381-385.
  6. Afework, M. and G. Burnstock. 1995. Calretinin immunoreactivity in adrenal glands of developing, adult and ageing Sprague-Dawley rats. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 13:515-521.
  7. Aguiar Passeti, T., E. Postol, C. Sorg, and M. Mariano. 1997. Epithelioid cells from foreign-body granuloma selectively express the calcium-binding protein MRP-14, a novel down-regulatory molecule of macrophage activation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 62:852-858.
  8. Aizawa, T., H. I. Roach, S. Kokubun, and Y. Tanaka. 1998. Changes in the expression of Fas, osteonectin and osteocalcin with age in the rabbit growth plate. J. Bone. Joint. Surg. Br. 80:880-887.
  9. Alcantara, S., L. De Lecea, J. A. del Rio, I. Ferrer, and E. Soriano. 1996. Transient colocalization of parvalbumin and calbindin D28k in the postnatal cerebral cortex: evidence for a phenotypic shift in developing nonpyramidal neurons. Eur. J. Neurosci. 8:1329-1339.
  10. Alcantara, S. and I. Ferrer. 1994. Postnatal development of parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex of the cat. J. Comp. Neurol. 348:133-149.
  11. Alcantara, S. and I. Ferrer. 1995. Postnatal development of calbindin-D28k immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex of the cat. Anat. Embryol. Berl. 192:369-384.
  12. Alcantara, S., E. Soriano, and I. Ferrer. 1996. Thalamic and basal forebrain afferents modulate the development of parvalbumin and calbindin D28k immunoreactivity in the barrel cortex of the rat. Eur. J. Neurosci. 8:1522-1534.
  13. Aleksandrova, M. A., S. V. Girman, and A. V. Revishchin. 1997. [Expression of calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin and calbindin in neurons of the neocortex grafts]. Dokl. Akad. Nauk. 355:130-133.
  14. Alexi, T. and F. Hefti. 1996. Neurotrophin-4/5 selectively protects nigral calbindin-containing neurons in rats with medial forebrain bundle transections. Neuroscience. 72:911-921.
  15. Alonso, J. R., R. Arevalo, E. Garcia Ojeda, A. Porteros, J. G. Brinon, and J. Aijon. 1994. NADPH-diaphorase active and calbindin D-28k-immunoreactive neurons and fibers in the olfactory bulb of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). J. Comp. Neurol. 351:307-327.
  16. Alonso, J. R., E. Garcia Ojeda, E. Weruaga, J. G. Brinon, R. Arevalo, M. R. Celio, and J. Aijon. 1998. McAB 300 antibody against calbindin D-28K is a glial marker in the teleost brain. Arch. Ital. Biol. 136:77-81.
  17. Amano, T., N. Noro, H. Kawabata, Y. Kobayashi, and K. Yoshizato. 1998. Metamorphosis-associated and region-specific expression of calbindin gene in the posterior intestinal epithelium of Xenopus laevis larva. Dev. Growth. Differ. 40:177-188.
  18. Ambrus, A., R. Kraftsik, and I. Barakat Walter. 1998. Ontogeny of calretinin expression in rat dorsal root ganglia. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 106:101-108.
  19. Amenta, F., D. Cavalotta, M. E. del Valle, M. Mancini, M. Sabbatini, J. M. Torres, and J. A. Vega. 1994. Calbindin D-28k immunoreactivity in the rat cerebellar cortex: age-related changes. Neurosci. Lett. 178:131-134.
  20. Amselgruber, W. M., F. Sinowatz, and M. Erhard. 1994. Differential distribution of immunoreactive S-100 protein in mammalian testis. Histochemistry 102:241-245.
  21. Anderson, L. V., K. Davison, J. A. Moss, I. Richard, M. Fardeau, F. M. Tome, C. Hubner, A. Lasa, J. Colomer, and J. S. Beckmann. 1998. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to calpain 3 and protein expression in muscle from patients with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A. Am. J. Pathol. 153:1169-1179.
  22. Anderson, S. A., J. D. Classey, F. Conde, J. S. Lund, and D. A. Lewis. 1995. Synchronous development of pyramidal neuron dendritic spines and parvalbumin-immunoreactive chandelier neuron axon terminals in layer III of monkey prefrontal cortex. Neuroscience. 67:7-22.
  23. Annoh, H., T. Inokuchi, K. Ohta, M. Wakimoto, and T. Ueda. 1995. Immunohistochemical investigations of parvalbumin localization in the skeletal muscle fibers of rats. Okajimas. Folia. Anat. Jpn. 72:221-226.
  24. Arai, R., D. M. Jacobowitz, and I. Nagatsu. 1995. Up-regulation of calretinin in the supraoptic nucleus of the rat after chronic salt loading. Brain Res. 673:339-343.
  25. Araki, T., H. Kato, X. H. Liu, K. Kogure, K. Kato, and Y. Itoyama. 1994. An immunohistochemical study of parvalbumin containing interneurons in the gerbil hippocampus after cerebral ischemia. Metab. Brain Dis. 9:225-234.
  26. Arckens, L., A. Rosier, C. W. Heizmann, G. A. Orban, and F. Vandesande. 1994. Partial colocalization of the GABAA receptor with parvalbumin and calbindin D-28K in neurons of the visual cortex and the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 8:1-10.
  27. Arevalo, R., J. R. Alonso, A. Porteros, J. G. Brinon, C. Crespo, J. Lara, and J. Aijon. 1995. Calretinin-like immunoreactivity in the optic tectum of the tench (Tinca tinca L.). Brain Res. 671:112-118.
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  708. Yao, J., C. Kitt, and R. H. Reeves. 1995. Chronic elevation of S100 beta protein does not alter APP mRNA expression or promote beta-amyloid deposition in the brains of aging transgenic mice. Brain Res. 702:32-36.
  709. Yen, T., C. A. Harrison, J. M. Devery, S. Leong, S. E. Iismaa, T. Yoshimura, and C. L. Geczy. 1997. Induction of the S100 chemotactic protein, CP-10, in murine microvascular endothelial cells by proinflammatory stimuli. Blood. 90:4812-4821.
  710. Yew, D. T., C. B. Luo, C. W. Heizmann, and W. Y. Chan. 1997. Differential expression of calretinin, calbindin D28K and parvalbumin in the developing human cerebellum. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 103:37-45.
  711. Yoshinouchi, T., T. Mitogawa, Y. Ohtsuki, K. Kitade, and N. Ueda. 1997. [Immunohistochemical study of myofibroblast and S-100 protein positive cells in interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular disease]. Ryumachi. 37:9-15.
  712. Yoshinouchi, T., Y. Ohtsuki, K. Kubo, and J. Fukui. 1996. [Immunohistochemical study of fibrosis and S-100 protein-positive cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and in interstitial pneumonia associated with rheumatoid arthritis]. Nippon. Kyobu. Shikkan. Gakkai. Zasshi. 34:9-15.
  713. Yu, M. C., E. Cho, C. B. Luo, W. W. Li, W. Z. Shen, and D. T. Yew. 1996. Immunohistochemical studies of GABA and parvalbumin in the developing human cerebellum. Neuroscience. 70:267-276.
  714. Zettel, M. L., R. D. Frisina, S. E. Haider, and W. E. O'Neill. 1997. Age-related changes in calbindin D-28k and calretinin immunoreactivity in the inferior colliculus of CBA/CaJ and C57Bl/6 mice. J. Comp. Neurol. 386:92-110.
  715. Zhang, J., J. M. Patel, and E. R. Block. 1998. Hypoxia-specific upregulation of calpain activity and gene expression in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 275:L461-L468.
  716. Zhang, M. Z. and J. A. McKanna. 1997. Gliogenesis in postnatal rat optic nerve: LC1 + microglia and S100-beta + astrocytes. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 101:27-36.
  717. Zhao, X., R. Posmantur, A. Kampfl, S. J. Liu, K. K. Wang, J. K. Newcomb, B. R. Pike, G. L. Clifton, and R. L. Hayes. 1998. Subcellular localization and duration of mu-calpain and m-calpain activity after traumatic brain injury in the rat: a casein zymography study. J. Cereb. Blood. Flow. Metab. 18:161-167.
  718. Zheng, J. L. and W. Q. Gao. 1997. Analysis of rat vestibular hair cell development and regeneration using calretinin as an early marker. J. Neurosci. 17:8270-8282.
  719. Zhu, Y., J. P. Goff, T. A. Reinhardt, and R. L. Horst. 1998. Pregnancy and lactation increase vitamin D-dependent intestinal membrane calcium adenosine triphosphatase and calcium binding protein messenger ribonucleic acid expression. Endocrinology 139:3520-3524.
  720. Zhu, Z. Q., D. L. Armstrong, W. J. Hamilton, and R. G. Grossman. 1997. Disproportionate loss of CA4 parvalbumin-immunoreactive interneurons in patients with Ammon's horn sclerosis. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 56:988-998.

Function

  1. Abe, M., N. Oda, and Y. Sato. 1998. Cell-associated activation of latent transforming growth factor-beta by calpain. J. Cell Physiol. 174:186-193.
  2. Abo el Saad, M. and R. Wu. 1995. A rice membrane calcium-dependent protein kinase is induced by gibberellin. Plant. Physiol. 108:787-793.
  3. Abu Soud, H. M., L. L. Yoho, and D. J. Stuehr. 1994. Calmodulin controls neuronal nitric-oxide synthase by a dual mechanism. Activation of intra- and interdomain electron transfer. J. Biol. Chem. 269:32047-32050.
  4. Adamec, E., M. L. Beermann, and R. A. Nixon. 1998. Calpain I activation in rat hippocampal neurons in culture is NMDA receptor selective and not essential for excitotoxic cell death. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 54:35-48.
  5. Adamo, H. P. and M. E. Grimaldi. 1998. Functional consequences of relocating the C-terminal calmodulin-binding autoinhibitory domains of the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump near the N-terminus. Biochem. J. 331:763-766.
  6. Adamus, G., H. Ortega, D. Witkowska, and A. Polans. 1994. Recoverin: a potent uveitogen for the induction of photoreceptor degeneration in Lewis rats. Exp. Eye Res. 59:447-455.
  7. Adey, N. B. and B. K. Kay. 1996. Identification of calmodulin-binding peptide consensus sequences from a phage-displayed random peptide library. Gene 169:133-134.
  8. Aeschlimann, D., O. Kaupp, and M. Paulsson. 1995. Transglutaminase-catalyzed matrix cross-linking in differentiating cartilage: identification of osteonectin as a major glutaminyl substrate. J. Cell Biol. 129:881-892.
  9. Agell, N., R. Aligue, V. Alemany, A. Castro, M. Jaime, M. J. Pujol, E. Rius, J. Serratosa, M. Taules, and O. Bachs. 1998. New nuclear functions for calmodulin. Cell Calcium. 23:115-121.
  10. Aguilar, H. I., J. L. Steers, R. H. Wiesner, R. A. Krom, and G. J. Gores. 1997. Enhanced liver calpain protease activity is a risk factor for dysfunction of human liver allografts. Transplantation. 63:612-614.
  11. Ahmad, K., G. E. Bracho, D. P. Wolf, and J. S. Tash. 1995. Regulation of human sperm motility and hyperactivation components by calcium, calmodulin, and protein phosphatases. Arch. Androl. 35:187-208.
  12. Aicher, L., G. Meier, A. J. Norcross, J. Jakubowski, M. C. Varela, A. Cordier, and S. Steiner. 1997. Decrease in kidney calbindin-D 28kDa as a possible mechanism mediating cyclosporine A- and FK-506-induced calciuria and tubular mineralization [published erratum appears in Biochem Pharmacol 1997 Jun 15;53(12):1945]. Biochem. Pharmacol. 53:723-731.
  13. Airaksinen, M. S., J. Eilers, O. Garaschuk, H. Thoenen, A. Konnerth, and M. Meyer. 1997. Ataxia and altered dendritic calcium signaling in mice carrying a targeted null mutation of the calbindin D28k gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94:1488-1493.
  14. Airaksinen, M. S., H. Thoenen, and M. Meyer. 1997. Vulnerability of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in calbindin-D28k-deficient mice: lack of evidence for a neuroprotective role of endogenous calbindin in MPTP-treated and weaver mice. Eur. J. Neurosci. 9:120-127.
  15. Akella, A. B., H. Su, E. H. Sonnenblick, V. G. Rao, and J. Gulati. 1997. The cardiac troponin C isoform and the length dependence of Ca2+ sensitivity of tension in myocardium. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 29:381-389.
  16. Akiyama, K., G. Akopian, P. Jinadasa, T. L. Gluckman, A. Terhakopian, B. Massey, and R. J. Bing. 1997. Myocardial infarction and regulatory myosin light chain. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 29:2641-2652.
  17. al Hillawi, E., S. D. Minchin, and I. P. Trayer. 1994. Overexpression of human cardiac troponin-I and troponin-C in Escherichia coli and their purification and characterisation. Two point mutations allow high-level expression of troponin-I. Eur. J. Biochem. 225:1195-1201.
  18. Allen, R. D., M. S. Aihara, and A. K. Fok. 1998. The striated bands of Paramecium are immunologically distinct from the centrin-specific infraciliary lattice and cytostomal cord. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 45:202-209.
  19. Allen, T. S., N. Ling, M. Irving, and Y. E. Goldman. 1996. Orientation changes in myosin regulatory light chains following photorelease of ATP in skinned muscle fibers. Biophys. J. 70:1847-1862.
  20. Amano, S., H. Kawasaki, S. Ishiura, S. Kawashima, K. Suzuki, and Y. Emori. 1997. Identification of endogenous substrates for Drosophila calpain from a salt-extracted fraction of Drosophila ovaries. J. Biochem. Tokyo. 122:865-871.
  21. Andressen, C., V. Gotzos, M. W. Berchtold, T. L. Pauls, B. Schwaller, B. Fellay, and M. R. Celio. 1995. Changes in shape and motility of cells transfected with parvalbumin cDNA. Exp. Cell Res. 219:420-426.
  22. Angaut Petit, D., P. Toth, O. Rogero, L. Faille, F. J. Tejedor, and A. Ferrus. 1998. Enhanced neurotransmitter release is associated with reduction of neuronal branching in a Drosophila mutant overexpressing frequenin. Eur. J. Neurosci. 10:423-434.
  23. Ankarcrona, M., J. M. Dypbukt, S. Orrenius, and P. Nicotera. 1996. Calcineurin and mitochondrial function in glutamate-induced neuronal cell death. FEBS Lett. 394:321-324.
  24. Antoni, F. A., R. J. Barnard, M. J. Shipston, S. M. Smith, J. Simpson, and J. M. Paterson. 1995. Calcineurin feedback inhibition of agonist-evoked cAMP formation. J. Biol. Chem. 270:28055-28061.
  25. Antoni, F. A., S. M. Smith, J. Simpson, R. Rosie, G. Fink, and J. M. Paterson. 1998. Calcium control of adenylyl cyclase: the calcineurin connection. Adv. Second. Messenger. Phosphoprotein. Res. 32:153-172.
  26. Ariyoshi, H., A. Oda, and E. W. Salzman. 1995. Participation of calpain in protein-tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in human blood platelets. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 15:511-514.
  27. Ariyoshi, H., K. Okahara, M. Sakon, J. Kambayashi, S. Kawashima, T. Kawasaki, and M. Monden. 1998. Possible involvement of m-calpain in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 18:493-498.
  28. Arnon, A., B. Cook, B. Gillo, C. Montell, Z. Selinger, and B. Minke. 1997. Calmodulin regulation of light adaptation and store-operated dark current in Drosophila photoreceptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94:5894-5899.
  29. Arnon, A., B. Cook, C. Montell, Z. Selinger, and B. Minke. 1997. Calmodulin regulation of calcium stores in phototransduction of Drosophila. Science 275:1119-1121.
  30. Arora, A. S., P. C. de Groen, D. E. Croall, Y. Emori, and G. J. Gores. 1996. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells resist necrosis during anoxia by preventing phospholipase-mediated calpain activation. J. Cell Physiol. 167:434-442.
  31. Arredondo, L., H. B. Nelson, K. Beckingham, and M. Stern. 1998. Increased transmitter release and aberrant synapse morphology in a Drosophila calmodulin mutant. Genetics 150:265-274.
  32. Artalejo, C. R., A. Elhamdani, and H. C. Palfrey. 1996. Calmodulin is the divalent cation receptor for rapid endocytosis, but not exocytosis, in adrenal chromaffin cells. Neuron. 16:195-205.
  33. Arthur, J. S., S. Gauthier, and J. S. Elce. 1995. Active site residues in m-calpain: identification by site-directed mutagenesis. FEBS Lett. 368:397-400.
  34. Asada, A., Y. Zhao, S. Kondo, and M. Iwata. 1998. Induction of thymocyte apoptosis by Ca2+-independent protein kinase C (nPKC) activation and its regulation by calcineurin activation. J. Biol. Chem. 273:28392-28398.
  35. Atsma, D. E., E. M. Bastiaanse, A. Jerzewski, L. J. Van der Valk, and A. Van der Laarse. 1995. Role of calcium-activated neutral protease (calpain) in cell death in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes during metabolic inhibition. Circ. Res. 76:1071-1078.
  36. Au, T. K. and P. C. Leung. 1995. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide is a potent calmodulin inhibitor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 208:280-286.
  37. Aussel, C., J. P. Breittmayer, C. Pelassy, and A. Bernard. 1995. Calmodulin, a junction between two independent immunosuppressive pathways in Jurkat T cells. J. Biol. Chem. 270:8032-8036.
  38. Azarian, S. M., A. J. King, M. A. Hallett, and D. S. Williams. 1995. Selective proteolysis of arrestin by calpain. Molecular characteristics and its effect on rhodopsin dephosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 270:24375-24384.
  39. Azarian, S. M. and D. S. Williams. 1995. Calpain activity in the retinas of normal and RCS rats. Curr. Eye Res. 14:731-735.
  40. Azuma, M., E. Inoue, T. Oka, and T. R. Shearer. 1995. Proteolysis by calpain is an underlying mechanism for formation of sugar cataract in rat lens. Curr. Eye Res. 14:27-34.
  41. Babichenko, I. I., Z. I. Storozheva, D. I. Medvedev, and V. V. Sherstnev. 1996. [The effect of antibodies to S-100 proteins on synaptogenesis processes and learning in rats]. Fiziol. Zh. Im. I. M. Sechenova. 82:79-84.
  42. Babiychuk, E. B., V. S. Babiychuk, and A. Sobieszek. 1995. Modulation of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase activity by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent, oligomeric-type modifications. Biochemistry 34:6366-6372.
  43. Bagaglio, D. M. and W. N. Hait. 1994. Role of calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of elongation factor 2 in the proliferation of rat glial cells. Cell Growth. Differ. 5:1403-1408.
  44. Bagavandoss, P., E. H. Sage, and R. B. Vernon. 1998. Secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) and thrombospondin in the developing follicle and corpus luteum of the rat. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 46:1043-1049.
  45. Bahr, B. A., S. Tiriveedhi, G. Y. Park, and G. Lynch. 1995. Induction of calpain-mediated spectrin fragments by pathogenic treatments in long-term hippocampal slices. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 273:902-908.
  46. Baines, A. J., K. M. Chan, and R. Goold. 1995. Synapsin I and the cytoskeleton: calmodulin regulation of interactions. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 23:65-70.
  47. Baker, J. E., I. Brust Mascher, S. Ramachandran, L. E. LaConte, and D. D. Thomas. 1998. A large and distinct rotation of the myosin light chain domain occurs upon muscle contraction [see comments]. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95:2944-2949.
  48. Baki, A., P. Tompa, A. Alexa, O. Molnar, and P. Friedrich. 1996. Autolysis parallels activation of mu-calpain. Biochem. J. 318:897-901.
  49. Balasubramanian, S., J. W. Lynch, and P. H. Barry. 1996. Calcium-dependent modulation of the agonist affinity of the mammalian olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel by calmodulin and a novel endogenous factor. J. Membr. Biol. 152:13-23.
  50. Balcerzak, D., S. Poussard, J. J. Brustis, N. Elamrani, M. Soriano, P. Cottin, and A. Ducastaing. 1995. An antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide to m-calpain mRNA inhibits myoblast fusion. J. Cell Sci. 108:2077-2082.
  51. Banik, N. L., D. Matzelle, G. Gantt Wilford, and E. L. Hogan. 1997. Role of calpain and its inhibitors in tissue degeneration and neuroprotection in spinal cord injury. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 825:120-127.
  52. Banik, N. L., D. Matzelle, E. Terry, and E. L. Hogan. 1997. A new mechanism of methylprednisolone and other corticosteroids action demonstrated in vitro: inhibition of a proteinase (calpain) prevents myelin and cytoskeletal protein degradation. Brain Res. 748:205-210.
  53. Banik, N. L., D. C. Matzelle, G. Gantt Wilford, A. Osborne, and E. L. Hogan. 1997. Increased calpain content and progressive degradation of neurofilament protein in spinal cord injury. Brain Res. 752:301-306.
  54. Banik, N. L., D. C. Shields, S. Ray, B. Davis, D. Matzelle, G. Wilford, and E. L. Hogan. 1998. Role of calpain in spinal cord injury: effects of calpain and free radical inhibitors. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 844:131-137.
  55. Banno, Y., S. Nakashima, T. Hachiya, and Y. Nozawa. 1995. Endogenous cleavage of phospholipase C-beta 3 by agonist-induced activation of calpain in human platelets. J. Biol. Chem. 270:4318-4324.
  56. Baouz, S., E. Jacquet, A. Bernardi, and A. Parmeggiani. 1997. The N-terminal moiety of CDC25(Mm), a GDP/GTP exchange factor of Ras proteins, controls the activity of the catalytic domain. Modulation by calmodulin and calpain. J. Biol. Chem. 272:6671-6676.
  57. Bar, A., E. Vax, and S. Striem. 1998. Effects of age at onset of production, light regime and dietary calcium on performance, eggshell traits, duodenal calbindin and cholecalciferol metabolism. Br. Poult. Sci. 39:282-290.
  58. Barger, S. W., L. J. Van Eldik, and M. P. Mattson. 1995. S100 beta protects hippocampal neurons from damage induced by glucose deprivation. Brain Res. 677:167-170.
  59. Barnoy, S., T. Glaser, and N. S. Kosower. 1997. Calpain and calpastatin in myoblast differentiation and fusion: effects of inhibitors. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1358:181-188.
  60. Barnoy, S., T. Glaser, and N. S. Kosower. 1998. The calpain-calpastatin system and protein degradation in fusing myoblasts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1402:52-60.
  61. Barraclough, R. and P. S. Rudland. 1994. The S-100-related calcium-binding protein, p9Ka, and metastasis in rodent and human mammary cells. Eur. J. Cancer 30A:1570-1576.
  62. Bartus, R. T., R. L. Dean, K. Cavanaugh, D. Eveleth, D. L. Carriero, and G. Lynch. 1995. Time-related neuronal changes following middle cerebral artery occlusion: implications for therapeutic intervention and the role of calpain. J. Cereb. Blood. Flow. Metab. 15:969-979.
  63. Bartus, R. T., P. J. Elliott, N. J. Hayward, R. L. Dean, S. Harbeson, J. A. Straub, Z. Li, and J. C. Powers. 1995. Calpain as a novel target for treating acute neurodegenerative disorders. Neurol. Res. 17:249-258.
  64. Batiuk, T. D. and P. F. Halloran. 1997. The downstream consequences of calcineurin inhibition. Transplant. Proc. 29:1239-1240.
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  66. Bayes, M., D. Valverde, S. Balcells, D. Grinberg, L. Vilageliu, J. Benitez, C. Ayuso, M. Beneyto, M. Baiget, and R. Gonzalez Duarte. 1995. Evidence against involvement of recoverin in autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa in 42 Spanish families. Hum. Genet. 96:89-94.
  67. Beitner Johnson, D., J. Leibold, and D. E. Millhorn. 1998. Hypoxia regulates the cAMP- and Ca2+/calmodulin signaling systems in PC12 cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 242:61-66.
  68. Beitner, R. 1998. Calmodulin antagonists and cell energy metabolism in health and disease. Mol. Genet. Metab. 64:161-168.
  69. Belcastro, A. N., J. S. Gilchrist, J. A. Scrubb, and G. Arthur. 1994. Calcium-supported calpain degradation rates for cardiac myofibrils in diabetes. Sulfhydryl and hydrophobic interactions. Mol. Cell Biochem. 135:51-60.
  70. Belcastro, A. N., L. D. Shewchuk, and D. A. Raj. 1998. Exercise-induced muscle injury: a calpain hypothesis. Mol. Cell Biochem. 179:135-145.
  71. Benyo, Z., G. I. de Jong, and P. G. Luiten. 1995. Nimodipine prevents early loss of hippocampal CA1 parvalbumin immunoreactivity after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Brain Res. Bull. 36:569-572.
  72. Berhane, K., A. A. Ray, S. P. Khanapure, J. Rokach, and W. S. Powell. 1998. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent conversion of 5-oxoeicosanoids to 6, 7-dihydro metabolites by a cytosolic olefin reductase in human neutrophils. J. Biol. Chem. 273:20951-20959.
  73. Bernal, R. M., R. Tovar, J. I. Santos, and M. L. Munoz. 1998. Possible role of calmodulin in excystation of Giardia lamblia. Parasitol. Res. 84:687-693.
  74. Bernatchez, G., D. Talwar, and L. Parent. 1998. Mutations in the EF-hand motif impair the inactivation of barium currents of the cardiac alpha1C channel. Biophys. J. 75:1727-1739.
  75. Beyette, J. R., Y. Emori, and D. L. Mykles. 1997. Immunological analysis of two calpain-like Ca2+-dependent proteinases from lobster striated muscles: relationship to mammalian and Drosophila calpains. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 337:232-238.
  76. Bi, X., J. Chen, and M. Baudry. 1998. Calpain-mediated proteolysis of GluR1 subunits in organotypic hippocampal cultures following kainic acid treatment. Brain Res. 781:355-357.
  77. Bi, X., J. Chen, S. Dang, R. J. Wenthold, G. Tocco, and M. Baudry. 1997. Characterization of calpain-mediated proteolysis of GluR1 subunits of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate receptors in rat brain. J. Neurochem. 68:1484-1494.
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Method

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  30. Ingebrigtsen, T., B. Romner, P. Kongstad, and B. Langbakk. 1995. Increased serum concentrations of protein S-100 after minor head injury: a biochemical serum marker with prognostic value? [letter]. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 59:103-104.
  31. Ishii, Y., T. Nakano, N. Honma, N. Yuyama, Y. Yamada, H. Watarai, T. Tomura, M. Sato, H. Tsumura, T. Ozawa, and et al. 1995. Preparation of soluble recombinant T cell receptor alpha chain by using a calmodulin fusion expression system. J. Immunol. Methods 186:27-36.
  32. Jiang, S. T., J. H. Wang, T. Chang, and C. S. Chen. 1997. A continuous method for measuring calpain activity. Anal. Biochem. 244:233-238.
  33. Johnsson, P., C. Lundqvist, A. Lindgren, I. Ferencz, C. Alling, and E. Stahl. 1995. Cerebral complications after cardiac surgery assessed by S-100 and NSE levels in blood. J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 9:694-699.
  34. Kendall, J. M., M. N. Badminton, R. L. Dormer, and A. K. Campbell. 1994. Changes in free calcium in the endoplasmic reticulum of living cells detected using targeted aequorin. Anal. Biochem. 221:173-181.
  35. Kendall, J. M., M. N. Badminton, G. B. Sala Newby, G. W. Wilkinson, and A. K. Campbell. 1996. Agonist-stimulated free calcium in subcellular compartments. Delivery of recombinant aequorin to organelles using a replication deficient adenovirus vector. Cell Calcium. 19:133-142.
  36. Klaerke, D. A., R. Rojkjaer, L. Christensen, and I. Schousboe. 1997. Identification of beta2-glycoprotein I as a membrane-associated protein in kidney: purification by calmodulin affinity chromatography. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1339:203-216.
  37. Knight, H. and M. R. Knight. 1995. Recombinant aequorin methods for intracellular calcium measurement in plants. Methods Cell Biol. 49:201-216.
  38. Kobatake, E., K. Mitomo, T. Haruyama, M. Aizawa, G. Y. Deng, and S. Kato. 1996. On-off switching of enzymatic reaction by recombinant calmodulin on a solid-phase matrix. Bioconjug. Chem. 7:126-130.
  39. Komukai, K. and S. Kurihara. 1994. Effects of adenosine on Ca2+ transients and tension in aequorin-injected ferret papillary muscles. Pflugers. Arch. 428:357-363.
  40. Kordel, J., D. A. Pearlman, and W. J. Chazin. 1997. Protein solution structure calculations in solution: solvated molecular dynamics refinement of calbindin D9k. J. Biomol. NMR. 10:231-243.
  41. Kuboniwa, H., S. Grzesiek, F. Delaglio, and A. Bax. 1994. Measurement of HN-H alpha J couplings in calcium-free calmodulin using new 2D and 3D water-flip-back methods. J. Biomol. NMR. 4:871-878.
  42. Lafitte, D., J. P. Capony, G. Grassy, J. Haiech, and B. Calas. 1995. Analysis of the ion binding sites of calmodulin by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Biochemistry 34:13825-13832.
  43. Liao, B. and R. E. Zielinski. 1995. Production of recombinant plant calmodulin and its use to detect calmodulin-binding proteins. Methods Cell Biol. 49:487-500.
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  45. Lizano, S., S. Ramanathan, A. Feltus, A. Witkowski, and S. Daunert. 1997. Bioluminescence competitive binding assays for biotin based on photoprotein aequorin. Methods Enzymol. 279:296-303.
  46. Lollike, K., O. Sorensen, J. R. Bundgaard, A. W. Segal, A. Boyhan, and N. Borregaard. 1995. An ELISA for grancalcin, a novel cytosolic calcium-binding protein present in leukocytes. J. Immunol. Methods 185:1-8.
  47. Mair, J., I. Wagner, L. Fridrich, P. Lechleitner, F. Dienstl, B. Puschendorf, and G. Michel. 1994. Cardiac myosin light chain-1 release in acute myocardial infarction is associated with scintigraphic estimates of myocardial scar. Clin. Chim. Acta 229:153-159.
  48. Mallya, S. K., S. Meyer, D. Bozyczko Coyne, R. Siman, and M. A. Ator. 1998. A sensitive, continuously recording fluorogenic assay for calpain. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 248:293-296.
  49. Martin, P. E., C. H. George, C. Castro, J. M. Kendall, J. Capel, A. K. Campbell, A. Revilla, L. C. Barrio, and W. H. Evans. 1998. Assembly of chimeric connexin-aequorin proteins into functional gap junction channels. Reporting intracellular and plasma membrane calcium environments. J. Biol. Chem. 273:1719-1726.
  50. McConville, J. P. and J. J. Craig. 1998. Diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by measurement of S100 protein in serum. Appropriate study populations must be used [letter]. BMJ. 317:472-473.
  51. Meyer, S. L., D. Bozyczko Coyne, S. K. Mallya, C. M. Spais, R. Bihovsky, J. K. Kaywooya, D. M. Lang, R. W. Scott, and R. Siman. 1996. Biologically active monomeric and heterodimeric recombinant human calpain I produced using the baculovirus expression system. Biochem. J. 314:511-519.
  52. Missler, U. and M. Wiesmann. 1995. Measurement of S-100 protein in human blood and cerebrospinal fluid: analytical method and preliminary clinical results. Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 33:743-748.
  53. Miyawaki, A., J. Llopis, R. Heim, J. M. McCaffery, J. A. Adams, M. Ikura, and R. Y. Tsien. 1997. Fluorescent indicators for Ca2+ based on green fluorescent proteins and calmodulin [see comments]. Nature 388:882-887.
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  59. Raftery, M. J., C. A. Harrison, and C. L. Geczy. 1997. Characterization of a mutant recombinant S100 protein using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid. Commun. Mass. Spectrom. 11:405-409.
  60. Raser, K. J., A. Posner, and K. K. Wang. 1995. Casein zymography: a method to study mu-calpain, m-calpain, and their inhibitory agents. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 319:211-216.
  61. Rembold, C. M., D. A. van Riper, and X. L. Chen. 1995. Focal [Ca2+]i increases detected by aequorin but not by fura-2 in histamine- and caffeine-stimulated swine carotid artery. J. Physiol. Lond. 488:549-564.
  62. Rizzuto, R., M. Brini, and T. Pozzan. 1993. Intracellular targeting of the photoprotein aequorin: a new approach for measuring, in living cells, Ca2+ concentrations in defined cellular compartments. Cytotechnology. 11 Suppl 1:S44-S46.
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  70. Shimomura, O. and S. Inouye. 1996. Titration of recombinant aequorin with calcium chloride. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 221:77-81.
  71. Shinzato, M., M. Shamoto, S. Hosokawa, C. Kaneko, A. Osada, M. Shimizu, and A. Yoshida. 1995. Differentiation of Langerhans cells from interdigitating cells using CD1a and S-100 protein antibodies. Biotech. Histochem. 70:114-118.
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  74. Szymanska, G., M. B. O'Connor, and C. M. O'Connor. 1997. Construction of an epitope-tagged calmodulin useful for the analysis of calmodulin-binding proteins: addition of a hemagglutinin epitope does not affect calmodulin-dependent activation of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase. Anal. Biochem. 252:96-105.
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  79. Torok, K., M. Wilding, L. Groigno, R. Patel, and M. Whitaker. 1998. Imaging the spatial dynamics of calmodulin activation during mitosis. Curr. Biol. 8:692-699.
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Nucleotide

Sequence

  1. Addis, M. F., P. Rappelli, G. Delogu, F. Carta, P. Cappuccinelli, and P. L. Fiori. 1998. Cloning and molecular characterization of a cDNA clone coding for Trichomonas vaginalis alpha-actinin and intracellular localization of the protein. Infect. Immun. 66:4924-4931.
  2. Andre, B., A. A. Noegel, and M. Schleicher. 1996. Dictyostelium discoideum contains a family of calmodulin-related EF-hand proteins that are developmentally regulated. FEBS Lett. 382:198-202.
  3. Arthur, J. S., P. A. Greer, and J. S. Elce. 1998. Structure of the mouse calpain small subunit gene. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1388:247-252.
  4. Barnes, J. A. and A. V. Gomes. 1995. PEST sequences in calmodulin-binding proteins. Mol. Cell Biochem. 149-150:17-27.
  5. Barnikol Watanabe, S., N. A. Gross, H. Gotz, T. Henkel, A. Karabinos, H. Kratzin, H. U. Barnikol, and N. Hilschmann. 1994. Human protein NEFA, a novel DNA binding/EF-hand/leucine zipper protein. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA, isolation and characterization of the protein. Biol. Chem. Hoppe. Seyler. 375:497-512.
  6. Bearer, E. L., J. A. DeGiorgis, H. Jaffe, N. A. Medeiros, and T. S. Reese. 1996. An axoplasmic myosin with a calmodulin-like light chain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93:6064-6068.
  7. Birukov, K. G., J. P. Schavocky, V. P. Shirinsky, M. V. Chibalina, L. J. Van Eldik, and D. M. Watterson. 1998. Organization of the genetic locus for chicken myosin light chain kinase is complex: multiple proteins are encoded and exhibit differential expression and localization. J. Cell Biochem. 70:402-413.
  8. Bottini, F., K. Mazzocco, T. Abbondi, and G. P. Tonini. 1994. Identification of an AP-1-like sequence in the promoter region of calcyclin, a S-100-like gene. Enhancement of binding during retinoic acid-induced neuroblastoma cell differentiation. Neurosci. Lett. 181:35-38.
  9. Brady, J. P. and J. Piatigorsky. 1994. A mouse cDNA encoding a protein with zinc-fingers and a KRAB domain shows similarity to human profilaggrin. Gene 149:299-304.
  10. Breton, C., A. Chaboud, E. Matthys Rochon, E. E. Bates, J. M. Cock, H. Fromm, and C. Dumas. 1995. PCR-generated cDNA library of transition-stage maize embryos: cloning and expression of calmodulin genes during early embryogenesis. Plant. Mol. Biol. 27:105-113.
  11. Briggs, K. K., A. J. Silvers, K. M. Johansen, and J. Johansen. 1995. Calsensin: a novel calcium-binding protein expressed in a subset of peripheral leech neurons fasciculating in a single axon tract. J. Cell Biol. 129:1355-1362.
  12. Cai, T., P. Yu, S. P. Monga, B. Mishra, and L. Mishra. 1998. Identification of mouse itih-4 encoding a glycoprotein with two EF-hand motifs from early embryonic liver. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1398:32-37.
  13. Catala, F., R. Wanner, P. Barton, A. Cohen, W. Wright, and M. Buckingham. 1995. A skeletal muscle-specific enhancer regulated by factors binding to E and CArG boxes is present in the promoter of the mouse myosin light-chain 1A gene. Mol. Cell Biol. 15:4585-4596.
  14. Chatterjee, A., T. Tanaka, J. E. Parrish, and G. E. Herman. 1995. Refined mapping of caltractin in human Xq28 and in the homologous region of the mouse X chromosome places the gene within the bare patches (Bpa) and striated (Str) critical regions. Mamm. Genome. 6:802-804.
  15. Chen, J. J., C. E. Reid, V. Band, and E. J. Androphy. 1995. Interaction of papillomavirus E6 oncoproteins with a putative calcium-binding protein. Science 269:529-531.
  16. Chye, M. L., C. M. Liu, and C. T. Tan. 1995. A cDNA clone encoding Brassica calmodulin. Plant. Mol. Biol. 27:419-423.
  17. DeAngelis, M. M., J. P. Doucet, S. Drury, S. T. Sherry, M. B. Robichaux, Z. Den, M. Z. Pelias, G. M. Ditta, B. J. Keats, P. L. Deininger, and M. A. Batzer. 1998. Assembly of a high-resolution map of the Acadian Usher syndrome region and localization of the nuclear EF-hand acidic gene. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1407:84-91.
  18. Dell'Angelica, E. C., C. H. Schleicher, and J. A. Santome. 1994. Primary structure and binding properties of calgranulin C, a novel S100-like calcium-binding protein from pig granulocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 269:28929-28936.
  19. Drayer, A. L., M. E. Meima, M. W. Derks, R. Tuik, and P. J. van Haastert. 1995. Mutation of an EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding motif in phospholipase C of Dictyostelium discoideum: inhibition of activity but no effect on Ca(2+)-dependence. Biochem. J. 311:505-510.
  20. Dyer, J. R., W. S. Sossin, and M. Klein. 1996. Cloning and characterization of aplycalcin and Aplysia neurocalcin, two new members of the calmodulin superfamily of small calcium-binding proteins. J. Neurochem. 67:932-942.
  21. Ebenbichler, C. F., H. Stoiber, R. Schneider, J. R. Patsch, and M. P. Dierich. 1996. The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmembrane gp41 protein is a calcium-binding protein and interacts with the putative second-receptor molecules in a calcium-dependent manner. J. Virol. 70:1723-1728.
  22. Eschenlauer, S. C., N. R. McEwan, R. E. Calza, R. J. Wallace, R. Onodera, and C. J. Newbold. 1998. Phylogenetic position and codon usage of two centrin genes from the rumen ciliate protozoan, Entodinium caudatum. FEMS. Microbiol. Lett. 166:147-154.
  23. Farber, P. M., R. Graeser, R. M. Franklin, and B. Kappes. 1997. Molecular cloning and characterization of a second calcium-dependent protein kinase of Plasmodium falciparum. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 87:211-216.
  24. Fischer, R., J. Julsgart, and M. W. Berchtold. 1998. High affinity calmodulin target sequence in the signalling molecule PI 3-kinase. FEBS Lett. 425:175-177.
  25. Fulton, C., E. Y. Lai, and S. P. Remillard. 1995. A flagellar calmodulin gene of Naegleria, coexpressed during differentiation with flagellar tubulin genes, shares DNA, RNA, and encoded protein sequence elements. J. Biol. Chem. 270:5839-5848.
  26. Fyrberg, C., H. Parker, B. Hutchison, and E. Fyrberg. 1994. Drosophila melanogaster genes encoding three troponin-C isoforms and a calmodulin-related protein. Biochem. Genet. 32:119-135.
  27. Galaud, J. P., V. Laval, M. Carriere, A. Barre, H. Canut, P. Rouge, and R. Pont Lezica. 1997. Osmotic stress activated expression of an Arabidopsis plasma membrane-associated protein: sequence and predicted secondary structure. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1341:79-86.
  28. Gill, R. K. and S. Christakos. 1995. Regulation by estrogen through the 5'-flanking region of the mouse calbindin-D28k gene. Mol. Endocrinol. 9:319-326.
  29. Girard, J. P. and T. A. Springer. 1995. Cloning from purified high endothelial venule cells of hevin, a close relative of the antiadhesive extracellular matrix protein SPARC. Immunity. 2:113-123.
  30. Glass, J. D., N. Nash, I. Dry, D. Culver, A. I. Levey, and S. Wesselingh. 1998. Cloning of m-calpain 80 kD subunit from the axonal degeneration-resistant WLD(S) mouse mutant. J. Neurosci. Res. 52:653-660.
  31. Godsel, L. M., C. L. Olson, Z. G. Lacava, and D. M. Engman. 1995. Comparison of the 24 kDa flagellar calcium-binding protein cDNA of two strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 42:320-322.
  32. Granot, D. and N. Dai. 1996. The 5' untranslated region of Arabidopsis thaliana calmodulin cDNA is an independent cDNA containing an open reading frame. Planta 198:162-163.
  33. Grasso, P. and L. E. J. Reichert. 1994. Evidence that a calmodulin-like calcium-binding domain of the FSH beta-subunit is involved in FSH-induced calcium uptake by Sertoli cells. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 13:149-155.
  34. Hafner, M., K. Zimmermann, J. Pottgiesser, T. Krieg, and R. Nischt. 1995. A purine-rich sequence in the human BM-40 gene promoter region is a prerequisite for maximum transcription. Matrix. Biol. 14:733-741.
  35. Hessian, P. A., L. Wilkinson, and N. Hogg. 1995. The S100 family protein MRP-14 (S100A9) has homology with the contact domain of high molecular weight kininogen. FEBS Lett. 371:271-275.
  36. Hirayama, Y., S. Kanoh, M. Nakaya, and S. Watabe. 1997. The two essential light chains of carp fast skeletal myosin, LC1 and LC3, are encoded by distinct genes and change their molar ratio following temperature acclimation. J. Exp. Biol. 200:693-701.
  37. Hitomi, J., K. Yamaguchi, Y. Kikuchi, T. Kimura, K. Maruyama, and K. Nagasaki. 1996. A novel calcium-binding protein in amniotic fluid, CAAF1: its molecular cloning and tissue distribution. J. Cell Sci. 109:805-815.
  38. Holland, L. Z., D. A. Pace, M. L. Blink, M. Kene, and N. D. Holland. 1995. Sequence and expression of amphioxus alkali myosin light chain (AmphiMLC-alk) throughout development: implications for vertebrate myogenesis. Dev. Biol. 171:665-676.
  39. Hseu, M. J., C. Y. Yen, C. C. Tseng, and M. C. Tzeng. 1997. Purification and partial amino acid sequence of a novel protein of the reticulocalbin family. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 239:18-22.
  40. Hsu, D. K., Y. Guo, G. F. Alberts, K. A. Peifley, and J. A. Winkles. 1996. Fibroblast growth factor-1-inducible gene FR-17 encodes a nonmuscle alpha-actinin isoform. J. Cell Physiol. 167:261-268.
  41. Ibarreta, D., J. Tao, R. Parrilla, and M. S. Ayuso. 1997. Mutation analysis of chromosome 19 calmodulin (CALM3) gene in Alzheimer's disease patients. Neurosci. Lett. 229:157-160.
  42. Ikebe, M., S. Reardon, J. P. Schwonek, C. R. Sanders, and R. Ikebe. 1994. Structural requirement of the regulatory light chain of smooth muscle myosin as a substrate for myosin light chain kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 269:28165-28172.
  43. Imai, Y., I. Ibata, D. Ito, K. Ohsawa, and S. Kohsaka. 1996. A novel gene iba1 in the major histocompatibility complex class III region encoding an EF hand protein expressed in a monocytic lineage. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 224:855-862.
  44. Inagaki, S., K. Kaku, D. Y. Dunlap, and F. Matsumura. 1998. Sequences of cDNAs encoding calmodulin, and partial structures of calmodulin kinase, and a calcium channel of kdr-resistant and -susceptible German cockroaches, Blattella germanica. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. 120:225-233.
  45. Ito, T., M. Hirano, K. Akama, Y. Shimura, and K. Okada. 1995. Touch-inducible genes for calmodulin and a calmodulin-related protein are located in tandem on a chromosome of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant. Cell Physiol. 36:1369-1373.
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  47. Jin, Y., K. B. Pasumarthi, M. E. Bock, Y. Chen, E. Kardami, and P. A. Cattini. 1995. Effect of "enhancer" sequences on ventricular myosin light chain-2 promoter activity in heart muscle and nonmuscle cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 210:260-266.
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Toxin

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  3. Agapito, M. T., M. Pablos, R. J. Reiter, J. M. Recio, and R. Gutierrez Baraja. 1998. Effects of ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid, A23187 and calmodulin, calcium activated neutral proteinase antagonists on melatonin secretion in perifused chick pineal gland. Neurosci. Lett. 245:143-146.
  4. Aikawa, N. and A. Karasawa. 1998. Effects of KW-5617 (zaldaride maleate), a potent and selective calmodulin inhibitor, on secretory diarrhea and on gastrointestinal propulsion in rats. Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 76:199-206.
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  9. Anthony, F. A., J. C. Dowdy, and M. E. Costlow. 1994. Attenuation of ultraviolet radiation-induced edema and erythema with topical calmodulin and protein kinase C inhibitors. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 10:227-234.
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  11. Antrobus, S. D., E. K. Siaw, and M. R. Walters. 1995. Protracted 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D treatment stimulates multiple calmodulin binding proteins in rat kidney. Endocrinology 136:1516-1522.
  12. Ashkenazy Shahar, M. and R. Beitner. 1997. Serotonin decreases cytoskeletal and cytosolic glycolytic enzymes and the levels of ATP and glucose 1,6-bisphosphate in skin, which is prevented by the calmodulin antagonists thioridazine and clotrimazole. Biochem. Mol. Med. 60:187-193.
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  14. Barron, S., J. M. Tusell, C. Sola, and J. Serratosa. 1995. Convulsant agents activate c-fos induction in both a calmodulin-dependent and calmodulin-independent manner. J. Neurochem. 65:1731-1739.
  15. Bartus, R. T., N. J. Hayward, P. J. Elliott, S. D. Sawyer, K. L. Baker, R. L. Dean, A. Akiyama, J. A. Straub, S. L. Harbeson, Z. Li, and et al. 1994. Calpain inhibitor AK295 protects neurons from focal brain ischemia. Effects of postocclusion intra-arterial administration. Stroke. 25:2265-2270.
  16. Batiuk, T. D., F. Pazderka, J. Enns, L. DeCastro, and P. F. Halloran. 1995. Cyclosporine inhibition of calcineurin activity in human leukocytes in vivo is rapidly reversible. J. Clin. Invest. 96:1254-1260.
  17. Baughman, G., G. J. Wiederrecht, N. F. Campbell, M. M. Martin, and S. Bourgeois. 1995. FKBP51, a novel T-cell-specific immunophilin capable of calcineurin inhibition. Mol. Cell Biol. 15:4395-4402.
  18. Blanchard, D. K., S. L. Hoffman, and J. Y. Djeu. 1995. Inhibition of extracellular ATP-mediated lysis of human macrophages by calmodulin antagonists. J. Cell Biochem. 57:452-464.
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Structure

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